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Many things work the same way in Xubuntu that they do in Windows. But you may still need help understanding Xubuntu terminology and transferring your files to use in Xubuntu.
While using Windows you will have probably stored a great deal of data, including documents, emails, photographs and music. The chances are that you will want to transfer most of this information for use with Xubuntu. This section provides instructions on how to prepare yourself and your data for moving to Xubuntu. For the purposes, of this guide, you'll need access to your Windows system.
A good way of making sure that your data is safe and ready to be used in Xubuntu is to organise your files before you make the switch.
删除你不再使用或者不再需要的文件
把你的文件整齐地整理到文件夹里
把你的全部文件集中到同一个位置
确保你已经备份了你想要保留的所有文件
Of all of the data on your computer, a sizeable portion is likely to be redundant. That is, it is data which you will never need to use again, and there is no value in saving it for posterity. Before switching to Xubuntu, it is a good idea to identify and remove this redundant data. This has the advantage of reducing the amount of data which you must copy across from your Windows installation to your new Xubuntu installation.
如果你的数据整理好了,那么当你转换系统时对数据的备份和恢复就很简单。花费一点时候去整理你的数据到某个地方是值得的,特别是当你的数据散落在不同的目录、不同的文件和文件夹的情况下。如果你有整整有条的文档,你在转换系统时不会有什么遗漏。
推荐你将所有你希望保存的文件转移到我的文档
文件夹,并且把它们整理到各个文件夹。这样,你需要的东西都在同一个地方,比散落在各个地方好得多。
有很多工具可以帮助你整理数据库和移除不用的文件。Windows XP有自带的工具清理文件。点击Windows XP 磁盘清理工具。
→ → → → 运行You may have stored files in a location which you have forgotten about. As such, you may miss these files out of your back-up procedure and so they will not be transferred across to your Xubuntu installation. To find files of a specific type, regardless of their location, follow this procedure:
点击查找程序。
→ ,从而开始运行点击
按钮。在全部和部分文件名:框中输入*.doc (.doc是你要找的文件的扩展名)。
在标记着搜索位置:的选择框,确认本地硬盘选项被选中。
点击.doc的所有文件会被找出来。要找其它格式的文件, 替换 .doc为你要找的其它文件的扩展名。
。扩展名为While applications available for Xubuntu support most common file types, there are still many file types which are not supported. If you have files in an unsupported format, it is recommended that you try to convert them to a supported format before switching. This section covers some common, unsupported or only partially-supported file types and lists possible alternatives and methods of conversion.
Some types of file cannot be used in Xubuntu
检查你使用的文件是否受支持
转换类型不受支持的文件
Many common audio formats cannot be played on Xubuntu without the installation of additional software. This is due to legal restrictions.
Unfortunately, due to legal restrictions and technical issues with some common audio formats, Xubuntu cannot play some audio formats out-of-the-box. While support for certain restricted formats can be added after you have installed Xubuntu, it can be advantageous to convert audio files to a well-supported format. This is especially important if the files have been encoded using some form of Digital Rights Management (DRM) software, as DRM restrictions can render files unplayable in all applications but the one in which they were applied.
The following major audio formats are proprietary and so are not supported by default in Xubuntu:
MP3
WMA
AAC
RealAudio
For a well-supported audio format to replace MP3 and WMA, consider the Ogg Vorbis format. For a well-supported lossless (very high quality) format to replace AAC Lossless and WMA-VBR, consider the FLAC format. Both of these formats are open, and can be played in Xubuntu without the installation of any additional software.
有很多Windows下可用的音频转换程序可下载,它们中有很多是可以免费获得的。有时这些软件也被称为audio (re)encoders。依据你要转换的格式选择相应的音频转换程序。在Download.com有音频转换程序(或者解码器)的列表。
It is still possible to add support for many restricted formats (such as those listed above) to Xubuntu after installation. See the Restricted Formats document on the Ubuntu community support website for more information.
Many common video formats cannot be played on Xubuntu without the installation of additional software. This is due to legal restrictions.
As with audio formats, due to legal and technical issues, many video formats are not supported by the default Xubuntu install. While support for some formats can be added at a later date, it is recommended that you convert important video files in unsupported formats to a format which is well supported in Xubuntu.
As with the audio formats, there are many video converter applications available as free-of-charge downloads for Windows. Consider converting your video files to a format which is well-supported by Xubuntu, such as Ogg Theora.
The following major video formats are not supported by default in Xubuntu:
WMV
RealVideo
DivX
QuickTime
It is still possible to add support for many restricted formats (such as those listed above) to Xubuntu after installation. See the Restricted Formats document on the Ubuntu community support website for more information.
Xubuntu office applications can read most common office document formats without the need for conversion
The default set of office programs Xubuntu, applications from the Gnome Office suite, support very many office document formats right out of the box. These include many of the Microsoft Office, Corel and Lotus formats. If you find that you do have files in formats which are unsupported, it is likely that your existing office suite or application will have the ability to save the files to a better-supported format.
Some file formats are specific to particular Windows-only applications, and so cannot be used with Xubuntu software
Many applications use file formats specific to them. A good example is the Adobe Photoshop file format. Formats such as these are generally able to store additional data compared to widely-used standard formats and so are still useful. You may find that applications exist on Xubuntu to convert or use application specific formats. The GIMP Image Editor is able to use Adobe PSD files, for example.
If you are uncertain whether a format is application-specific or has a usable alternative, seek help from a Xubuntu support channel.
使用磁盘镜像工具,可以将你的Windows系统作为一个整体来备份。这样的工具创建你目前系统的精确副本,它可以保存在几张碟上。如果你转移的时候碰到严重的问题,使用磁盘镜像可以恢复你的Windows,而且不会丢失任何数据或者设置。当然,磁盘镜像工具可能很昂贵并且也需要大量的存储空间。
Xubuntu does not currently provide disk-imaging software, and so such software can only be obtained from third party suppliers.
下列是磁盘映像工具的列表:
Acronis True Image*
g4u
Norton Ghost*
Paragon Drive Backup*
商业性(非免费)软件
和您相关的互联网连接设置视您的互联网连接的类型和提供商而定。如果您在使用过程中遇到问题,您的提供商通常会告诉你相关的设置。
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你如果通过局域网或路由器接入,请查阅the section called “网络设置”的介绍。 |
以下是你可能用得上的普通设置列表:
用户名称
密码
拨号电话号码
连接类型(通常为PPPoE或者PPPoA)
你或许也需要如下这些应该由你的互联网服务提供商提供的技术信息:
IP地址和子网掩码
DNS服务器, 网关的IP地址或 DHCP服务器
VPI/VCI
MTU
封装类型
DHCP设置
While Xubuntu is usually able to automatically detect the settings for your network, it is wise to make a note of relevant network settings in case the network you are trying to connect to cannot be handled automatically.
If you have a home network, perhaps connected using a router or switch, there are a few settings which you may need in order to connect to the network successfully. While most networks will be able to assign correct settings to Xubuntu automatically, some networks cannot.
按照下列步骤来取得你可能需要的网络设置的副本:
点击cmd.exe到标有打开:的对话框,点击 。
→ 。输入出现一个叫命令提示窗的黑色屏幕.在屏幕中输入
ipconfig /all
然后点Return. 这个命令会列出你安装的每个网络设备的网络设置。你可能有一个或几个网络设备。
现在输入
ipconfig /all > C:\network_settings.txt
,并点击返回。这样就可以把你在C:\network_settings.txt
文件中看到的设置保存下来。
用文字编辑程序,比如Notepad,打开C:\network_settings.txt
,如有可能,打印出来。
如果你是连接到Windows网络,你可能需要一些附加的信息才能看到网络共享里的文件。如果你连接到一个由另外一个人管理的网络,询问那个人有关连接网络的信息。或者,确认你可以获得下列信息:
域或者工作组名称
你在网络上的用户名称及密码
Active Directory 主 IP 地址 (如适用)
如果你要连接到无线网络,有几个很重要的信息你应该知道的,它们列在下面:
网络名称(SSID)
WEP加密键或者WPA口令
有很多方法可以找到这些信息。如果你的无线网络是由无线路由提供的,你应该可以从路由的配置页上找到这些信息。参考路由的手册来知道在哪里获得有关信息
Virtual Private Networks are a type of network which allow you to connect to a remote private network using a public network such as the Internet. There are many different types of VPN, which have varying degrees of support under Xubuntu. If you must connect to a VPN, first identify the type of VPN which you are connecting to. If the VPN is supported under Xubuntu, it is possible that a document will be available from the VPN vendor's website which can help you to connect to the network.
确保你获得了你可能需要的所有VPN连接信息。
If you use instant messaging (chat) software, you will have set up a user account on an instant messaging network. Xubuntu has excellent support for many instant messaging networks by default, so you should still be able to use your existing account after you have switched. Please ensure that you make a note of the following information about your instant messaging account:
用户名称
密码
屏幕名或别名
如果可能,同时备份您的朋友或者联系人名录
It is likely that you will have stored a collection of favorite web pages in your web browser, which you would like to continue to use in Xubuntu. The following instructions are intended for users of the Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 web browser:
运行Internet Explorer。
点击
→ 。导入/导出向导 会启动。 点击 。
选择导出收藏夹,并点击
。选择你要导出的收藏夹所在的文件夹。选择Favorites文件夹将全部导出。点击
。选择导出到文件或地址,并选择一个文件名称。点击
。完成导入/导出向导会出现。 点击
。您的书签就保存在您前面选择的文件名的文件里。
You can use the same email account in Xubuntu as you have done in Windows. If you have a Web-based email account, then you should simply be able to access it using a web browser as you would have done in Windows. Otherwise, please note down the following information so that you can re-create your account settings on Xubuntu:
电子邮件地址
密码
POP3或IMAP服务器
SMTP服务器
认证方式
关于导出邮件和邮件帐号设置对于不同的程序有不同的方法说明。主流的邮件客户端程序指南在下面的章节介绍;其他程序的用户可以在Ubuntu社区支持网站找到相关程序的指南。
这些指南包括了Microsoft Outlook Express 6用户指南。如果你使用不同版本的Outlook Express,你可以在Ubuntu社区支持网站找到相关版本的程序指南。
打开Outlook Express,并点击 → → 。
地址本导出工具将启动。选择文本文件(CSV格式)然后点击
把文件保存容易记忆的位置。给文件起一个说明性的名字,诸如mail_address_book.csv
,再点击 。
从地址簿选择你要导出的资料。如果不能确定,选取所有选项,再点击
。会显示导出地址簿信息完成。点击
,再点 。你的地址簿就导出成功了。因为Microsoft Outlook Express不能将邮件信息导出为中间格式,你必须另外安装一个软件以便导出你的电子邮件。
请参阅the section called “用 Mozilla Thunderbird 作好邮件导出的准备工作”了解把你的邮件内容导出到Mozilla Thunderbird应用程序的操作方法,这一程序可以允许你导出你的邮件。
这些操作方法是针对Microsoft Office Outlook 2003用户的。如果你使用的是不同版本的Outlook,你可在Wiki上找到特定版本的操作方法。
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这个方法可能不可靠,应该只用于备份目的。 |
打开Outlook,并点击 →
选择邮件设置标签,并点击
出现Outlook数据文件屏幕,选中列表上的第一个文件,记下文件名,点击
将打开一个文件夹,找到你要选中的文件。如果你找到它有困难,那它应该是Office数据文件或扩展名为.pst
。
将文件复制到你正在使用的目录中,从而保存你导出的设置。
为Outlook数据文件中列出的所有文件重复这个步骤。
打开Outlook,并点击 →
导入和导出向导将会启动。选择输出到文件 这一选项然后点击 。
选择逗号分割的数值 (DOS)然后点击
选择连接文件夹,并点击
。然后选择保存文件的位置,并点击 。显示要执行的动作,点击
导出联系人到你前面步骤选择的目录。打开Outlook,并点击 →
导入和导出向导将会启动。选择输出到文件 这一选项然后点击 。
选择逗号分割的数值 (DOS)然后点击
选择日历文件夹,点击
。选择你要保存文件的地方再点击 。显示要执行的动作,点击
导出联系人到你前面步骤选择的目录。因为Microsoft Outlook不能完整导出邮件信息到可用的中间格式,必须安装第三方软件以便导出你的邮件。
请参阅the section called “用 Mozilla Thunderbird 作好邮件导出的准备工作”了解把你的邮件内容导出到Mozilla Thunderbird应用程序的操作方法,这一程序可以允许你导出你的邮件。
因为有些邮件客户端(就如Microsoft Outlook和Microsoft Outlook Express)不把邮件信息以标准格式保存,就得在导出前用第三方软件来转换邮件。免费开源的Mozilla Thunderbird可以完成转换。
下面的介绍解释了如何获得 Thunderbird, 并用它来准备邮件信息以便导出:
打开网页浏览器到Mozilla Thunderbird 网站下载Mozilla Thunderbird。
下载完成后,运行安装文件。根据提示来安装Thunderbird。
安装后启动Mozilla Thunderbird。会出现导入向导。按提示导入所有设置,这将导入你的邮件和其它数据。
若导入向导没出现,点击 → ,选中邮件。
当所有邮件都导入后,做个备份以便导出。请在the section called “从Mozilla Thunderbird导出邮件信息”查阅相关介绍。
以下介绍Mozilla Thunderbird用户以及从OutlookOutlook Express)
点击%AppData%\Thunderbird\Profiles\,点击 ,打开文件夹。
→ ,在地址栏输入在新打开的文件夹,找到类似fyhsxlr3.default的文件夹,打开它。
在这里找到命名为Mail
或ImapMail
的文件夹,把它复制到安全的地方。
When you switch to Xubuntu, make a back-up copy of the folder you just made a copy of. This folder contains all of your mail folders from Thunderbird, in the mbox format.
Once you have collected together all of the files and settings you might need, you must create a copy of them which can be stored safely while you initially install Xubuntu. There are many ways of storing a copy of this data, and which method you choose will depend on your particular circumstances.
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备份后,测试文件以确定你已经备份成功是非常必要的。若你有大量的文件,至少要检查最重要的文件,如有可能也随机检查其它的文件。这有助于避免数据丢失。 |
If you are installing Xubuntu onto a different computer than the one on which your data is stored, you can leave the data you collected on that computer and can safely transfer the data across once Xubuntu has been installed onto the other computer.
准备好以后,你就可以通过网络连接在计算机之间转移文件了。
用可记录CD或者DVD光盘备份数据是一种常见的和可靠的数据备份方式。CD和DVD几乎可以被所有计算机使用,并且相对便宜。但是,你的计算机必须安装了CD或者DVD刻录设备,而且,如果你收集的数据大于单张光盘的容量,你就得用到数张CD或者DVD。
可以的话就使用DVD,因为容量较大,你只需要少量光盘来保存所有的数据。CD的容量通常为650-700MB,而DVD的容量通常可以达到4.5GB(相当于7张CD)。
要想把数据保存在空白CD或者DVD上,你必须使用CD刻录程序。Microsoft Windows XP默认状态下就包含有这类程序,其他类似程序也能够用来保存你的数据。
确保你的CD或者DVD刻录设备中没有光盘。取出光驱里的光盘。
点击
→ 。选定你的CD或者DVD刻录光驱——光驱通常会有CD-RW驱动器之类的名称。双击该驱动器的图标,会打开一个空白文件夹,其左侧面板显示名为CD刻录任务的标题。
退出该文件夹,然后打开包含有你收集的文件的文件夹。
选择适合盘片容量的文件。可以右击选中的文件,选择属性查看当前选中的文件的大小。在常规下的大小会给出当前选中的文件的大小。
复制选定的文件到您先前打开的CD或DVD 文件夹。
点击CD刻录向导.
, 启动按CD刻录向导的提示操作,将已经选中的文件写入到空的CD或DVD盘片。
当盘刻好后,退出后再把放进去,在我的电脑
打开刻录机查看文件。
重复上述过程,直到把归集好的文件安全存储在CD或DVD盘片上。
当数据存在盘片上后,确定收藏好而且正确做了标签。若盘片刮伤或损伤,就会丢失数据。标签有助于避免混乱,在转移到计算机时能让你迅速找到相应的数据。
If you have access to an external hard-disk drive or some other removable storage device of a great enough capacity, then you can simply copy the files you have collected onto this device. When ready to transfer the files onto your Xubuntu installation, you may simply connect the drive and copy the files from it again.
Removable storage devices such as external hard disks will have a certain type of file system. For use on removable devices, the best supported filesystem for Xubuntu is FAT (also called FAT32 or vfat). While other file systems (such as NTFS and HFS+) are usable, they may require additional steps to allow you to use them with Xubuntu. If possible, try to use the FAT format for your removable disk.
要了解外置硬盘的格式,你可以打开我的电脑
,用右键点击该硬盘,并选择属性。该硬盘的格式就显示在常规标签的文件系统下。
若电脑连接到网络,可以通过网络临时存储文件到其它的电脑上。
确保网络上的一台计算机有足够的硬盘空间供你复制文件于其上。
确保你能够把文件从你的的计算机复制到其他计算机上。要想进行成功复制,计算机必须具备至少一个网络共享/已共享文件夹,你还必须拥有对该网络共享的写入权限。
打开你电脑上的网络共享。通常点击
→ → ,找到网络共享或提供网络共享的计算机。把文件复制到网络共享文件夹。这项操作会因文件大小和你的网络连接速度而占用一些时间。
Use
→ → to install applications from Xubuntu’s software library, or to remove existing applications from your computer. Use → → for more advanced tasks.Settings that affect everyone who uses Xubuntu on this computer are found in
→ . Settings that just affect you are accessed from → .要管理电脑上的文件和文件夹,选择
菜单上的选项可开始。通过使用
,就可以便捷地进入通常使用的文件夹。Firefox具备 功能,相当于Internet Explorer中的收藏夹。你可以使用Firefox来搜索和访问网页: → → 。
要想关闭你的所有程序,并让其他人能够登录计算机,请选择
→ ,然后注销。Equivalent items to those in the “My Computer” window are found in various places in Xubuntu.
在你的主文件夹里(
→ → ),你可以对文档和任意文件夹里的其他文件进行整理。Open
→ → to set up printers. Xubuntu does not support faxing.回收站和Windows下的回收站一样。回收站总在屏幕的右下角。
在重新使用计算机之前将其置于节点模式,选择
→ ,然后选择挂起或休眠。(休眠不需要电能,但是更慢并且对部分计算机不可用。)在屏幕的左上方有三个菜单:
, ,和 ,包含了Windows下的开始的绝大多数功能。要查看或者停止正在运行的程序,或者跟踪处理器和内存的使用情况,请选择
→ → 。要运行用于播放音频和视频,以及抓取音乐CD的程序,请选择
→ 。To check for updates to Xubuntu, open
→ → .