İçindekiler
Bu bölümde internet ile ilgili, internete bağlanma, web tarayıcıyı yapılandırma ve kullanma, internete bağlanmak için diğer programlar gibi işlemler anlatılacaktır.
Bu bölümde internete bağlanmak için yapılacak temel işlemler anlatılmaktadır.
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Eğer İnternet'e kablosuz bağlantı veya (ADSL dahil) bir modem ile bağlanıyorsanız ihtiyacınız olan bilgileri bu bölümde bulamayacaksınız. “Kablosuz Ağ Kartları” veya “ADSL Bağlantıları” bölümünü okumalısınız. |
İnternete bağlanmak için
→ → yolunu takip edin.
Go to the Connections tab and click the connection you wish to use to select it.
Press
to change any settings.If your ISP or network administrator has given you an IP address, set Configuration to Static IP address, then enter the address in the IP address field and click . Otherwise, set Configuration to Automatic configuration (DHCP) and click .
Tick the box next to your connection to enable it.
Many wireless cards are automatically detected by Xubuntu during installation. To see if your card is supported, open “Temel İşlemler” to connect to the Internet. You need to enter a valid ESSID value. If in doubt, type any
. A complete listing of wireless cards which work with Xubuntu can be found online at the Ubuntu Wiki. Please add your wireless card to the list if it works with Xubuntu.
If your wireless network is protected by WEP encryption, ensure that you specify your network password when configuring your connection.
Press
→ → and click the wireless connection you wish to use.Press
, choose Password Type and enter your WEP password in Network Password form below.Press
and to apply changes.Some cards may not work automatically with Xubuntu. If this is the case, please look at the Wireless Troubleshooting Guide on the Ubuntu Wiki which is an excellent resource for troubleshooting wireless cards.
If your wireless card does not work with Xubuntu, you may have to do some research in order to activate it. A relatively reliable way of getting a wireless card to work is to use the ndiswrapper tool which allows Xubuntu to use the Microsoft Windows driver for the wireless card. To do this, follow the instructions below in “Using Windows wireless drivers”.
All other information regarding wireless networking on Xubuntu is collected at Wireless Networking Central on the Ubuntu Wiki.
Check for device recognition
Open a Terminal ( → → ) and type the command: sudo lshw -C network
If there is a driver listed then see “Check device is on”.
Set up NDISWrapper ( “Using Windows wireless drivers”).
Many wireless network devices can be turned on or off. Check to see if the device is turned on by opening a Terminal ( → → ) and type the command: sudo lshw -C network
.
If it is turned on then see “Yönlendiriciyle bağlantıyı kontrol edin”.
Open a Terminal ( → → ) and type the command: iwconfig
.
If there is an entry that says ESSID=""
then see Setting Up WPA ( “WPA desteğini yapılandırmak.”
If the ESSID for our router is shown there may be a problem with ACPI support. Boot the kernel with the pci=noacpi
option.
Open a Terminal ( → → ) and type the command: ifconfig
.
If there is an IP address shown see “DNS'i kontrol edin”.
From the Terminal enter the command: dhclient if_name
where if_name is the connection listed earlier.
If you receive a message that says bound to xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
then see “DNS'i kontrol edin”
Eğer olmuyorsa sistemi baştan başlatın.
Open a Terminal ( → → ) and type the command: ping 82.211.81.158
.
Now type the command: ping www.ubuntu.com
.
Type the command: cat /etc/resolv.conf
. If there is no nameserver listed then contact your ISP and find out your primary and secondary domain name servers. Once you have this information see “Kablosuz Ağ Kartları”.
Even if your wireless network card does not have a native Linux driver, you may still be able to get it working with ndiswrapper. Ndiswrapper is a Linux module which allows Xubuntu to use Microsoft Windows driver for wireless cards (in most cases).
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These instructions apply only to the x86 and AMD64 versions of Xubuntu, and not to Xubuntu for Power PC (PPC). |
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Eğer internete erişebiliyorsanız, ndiswrapper tarafından desteklenen kartların listesini ndiswrapper web sitesinde bulabilirsiniz. |
To install ndiswrapper, install the package ndiswrapper-utils (see Bölüm 11, Uygulama Ekleme, Silme ve Güncelleme). This package is provided on the Xubuntu CD. If you have access to the Internet, you can also optionally install a graphical tool, ndisgtk from the Universe repository (see “Yazılım Depoları”).
Ndiswrapper'ı çalıştırmak için, kablosuz kartınıza ait Windows sürücülerine sahip olmanız gerek. Bunu yapmanın en kolay yolu kartınızla birlikte gelen CD'nin içine bakmak. Biri .SYS diğeri .INF uzantısına sahip iki dosyayı bilgisayarınıza kopyalamalısınız. Eğer .BIN uzantılı bir dosya görürseniz, onu da kopyalayın. Eğer dosyaları bulamıyorsanız ve internet erişiminiz varsa ndiswrapper web sitesinden yardım alabilirsiniz.
If you have installed the graphical tool ndisgtk, to set up ndiswrapper, simply select → → from the menu, and follow the instructions given.
Eğer grafik arayüzü yüklemediyseniz, aşağıdakileri yapın:
Open
→ → and type:sudo ndiswrapper -i ~/Desktop/drivername.inf
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Yukarıdaki komut .INF dosyanızın isminin |
To check if it is working correctly, type:
ndiswrapper -l
If it is working correctly, you should see:
Installed ndis drivers: {name of driver} driver present, hardware present
For ndiswrapper to function, you need to load a module. To do this, type:
sudo depmod -a sudo modprobe ndiswrapper
Modülün bilgisayarınızı her açışınızda yüklenmesini sağlamak için:
sudo ndiswrapper -m
Şu anda İnternet'e “Temel İşlemler” belgesindeki talimatları kullanarak bağlanabiliyor olmalısınız.
WiFi Protected Access (WPA) is an based on WEP and provides stronger security.
WPA is integrated with Network Manager. You must also have the wpasupplicant package installed.
If you need to manually configure WPA support, see the Wiki Entry.
All PPPoE and router-style ADSL modems that use an Ethernet connection are supported by Xubuntu, and some USB ADSL modems are supported too.
Router tipi ADSL modem için bu linki takip edin: “Temel İşlemler”
PPPoE ADSL modemlerin kurulumu ile ilgili bilgi almak için bu linki takip edin: “PPPoE Modemler”
USB ADSL modemlerin urulumu ile ilgili bilgi almak için bu linki takip edin: “USB ADSL Modemler”
Bu bölüm Ethernetli bir PPPoE modem kullanarak İnternet Bağlantısı sağlamak hakkındadır.
Bir Internet Servis Sağlayıcı ile anlaşma yapmış ve internel bağlantınız kurulu ve kullanılabilir halde bulunması gerekmektedir. Genelde modeminizin üzerinde bulunan "DSL" ısığı hattınızın bağlı olduğunu gösterir.
Hesabınıza ait kullanıcı adı ve şifreye ihtiyacınız olacak. Ayrıca ağ kartınız, PPPoE modeminize doğru tip kabloyla bağlı olmalı.
Finally, you need the PPPoE package to be installed in order for the following command to work. This package is installed by default, but can be missing if the configuration has been changed. If the following command does not work, you will need to install this package, which can be found on the Xubuntu CD.
Modemi kurmak için:
Open
→ →Terminal ekranına
sudo pppoeconf
yazın.
A text-based menu program will guide you through the next steps, which are:
Ağ kartınızın tanındığından emin olun.
Kullanıcı adınızı girin.
Şifrenizi girin.
Yapılandırılmış bir PPPoE bağlantınız varsa, değiştirilip değiştirilmeyeceği sorulacaktır.
Popular options: you are asked if you want the “noauth” and “defaultroute” options and to remove “nodetach” - choose .
Use peer DNS - choose
.Limited MSS problem - choose
.When you are asked if you want to connect at start up, you will probably want to say yes.
Finally you are asked if you want to establish the connection immediately.
Once you have finished these steps, your connection should be working.
ADSL bağlantınızı başlatmak istiyorsanız, uçbirimde şu komutu yazın:
sudo pon dsl-provider
ADSL bağlantınızı kesmek istiyorsanız, uçbirimde şu komutu yazın:
sudo poff dsl-provider
Often parts of ADSL USB modem drivers are proprietary, closed source software, with a restrictive licence, and so the whole driver cannot be supplied with Xubuntu. To get a modem to work with these drivers, you will need to download files from Internet with a computer having a working connection, then transfer the downloaded files to you Xubuntu installation.
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USB is far from the ideal medium for network access. If you have a modem that can connect both via USB and ethernet, or an ethernet router, you should use the ethernet connection instead of the USB modem. |
Since any USB modem installation will require Internet access to download the necessary proprietary drivers, as well as extensive configuration which is beyond the scope of this guide, all we can do here is to list the USB Modem models known to work with Xubuntu with links to the relevant installation instructions on the Xubuntu community help site.
The installation procedure of USB modems differs depending on the specific make and model of your modem. To identify model of your modem, note the name and number on the front. Occasionaly you may have to look for a label to discover the exact model. Consult the list below to see which driver your modem requires and note the link.
When you go online to download the necessary drivers, you can access the relevant driver download links from the page with the installation instructions relevant to that model of USB modem.
Speedtouch modemler:
Analog Devices Inc. eagle-usb I, II or III çip setini kullanan modemler (Sagem Fast 800, Comtrend ct 350 gibi):
Connexant AccessRunner tabanlı modemler:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UsbAdslModem/EciAdsl
Most dialup modems are not supported by Xubuntu, but drivers can be found that will enable the use of such modems. You need a working internet connection to proceed. First you need to identify what chipset your dialup modem is using. Open
→ → and type:wget -c http://linmodems.technion.ac.il/packages/scanModem.gz gunzip -c scanModem.gz > scanModem chmod +x scanModem sudo ./scanModem
Read carefully instructions on the screen and follow them if necessary. Once the script obtains the relevant information, type:
mousepad Modem/ModemData.txt
Read this file, it should list what modem chipset you have. Once you are aware of the chipset you have, see http://www.linmodems.org/ and follow the directions for your modem. More infomation can be found at SettingUpModems on the Ubuntu Wiki.
Network Manager provides graphical tools to configure a modem connection.
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Şu bilgileri biliyor olmalısınız: ISP Telefon Numarası; Kullanıcı Adı; Parola. |
Ağ Yöneticisini çalıştırın(
→ → )Modem Bağlantısını seçin
Özellikleri seçin ve boşlukları doldurun.
Tamama tıklayın
If you have a network connection which is not working properly, you can use a few tools to help diagnose what the problem is.
Most of the tools in this section require use of the Terminal, which you can open by pressing
→ → .iwconfig allows you to change certain settings of your wireless hardware. However, it is also very useful for identifying wireless connections.
To identify a wireless connection:
Press
→ → to open a TerminalType iwconfig
in the Terminal and press Return
Şuna benzer bir çıktı almalısınız:
lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. eth1 IEEE 802.11g ESSID:"WLAN Name" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.432 GHz Access Point: 00:12:CF:02:6F:EC Bit Rate:54 Mb/s Tx-Power=20 dBm Sensitivity=8/0 Retry limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality=75/100 Signal level=-54 dBm Noise level=-89 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:1
The column on the left gives the name of the connection, such as “eth0” or “wlan0”
If the column on the right says “no wireless extensions”, that connection has not been recognized as a wireless connection and is probably a wired network connection
If the connection has been recognized as a wireless connection, details of the wireless connection will be shown in the column on the right
ESSID gives the name of the wireless network that you are connected to, if any
Link Quality gives a measure of the strength of the wireless signal
iwlist is able to display information about your wireless connection.
Press
→ → to open a TerminalType the following commands in the Terminal and press Return to run them. Make sure that you replace eth1 with the name of your wireless interface, if it is different.
iwlist eth1 accesspoints
- Show a list of available wireless access points
iwlist eth1 rate
- Show a list of all possible transmission rates for your wireless connection, including the current rate
iwlist eth1 key
- Show information about wireless encryption
ifconfig is intended to allow you to change the settings of your network connections, but can also be used to list information about the current connection.
Press
→ → to open a TerminalType ifconfig eth1
in the Terminal and press Return, replacing eth1 with the name of your network interface if it is different.
inet addr gives the current IP address of the connection
HWaddr gives the MAC address of your network device
A good way of checking if a connection is working correctly is to ping another computer on the network or the Internet.
To check if you are connected to the Internet press
→ → and type:ping -c 8 xubuntu.com
After a while, xubuntu.com ping statistics should appear. Look at the % packet loss.
0% packet loss - Your computer should have a good connection to the Internet
More than 0% packet loss - Your computer probably has a poor connection to the Internet or a poor wireless signal
100% packet loss - Your connection is set improperly, or your computer is connected to an access point or router which is not connected to the Internet
If you get an error message which says ping: unknown host 'xubuntu.com' , then your computer is probably not connected to the Internet or cannot reach a DNS server.