Chapter 3. Se antes usaba Windows

Table of Contents

Preparándose para o cambio
Migrating your data into Xubuntu
Glossary of Windows Terms

Many things work the same way in Xubuntu that they do in Windows. But you may still need help understanding Xubuntu terminology and transferring your files to use in Xubuntu.

Preparándose para o cambio

While using Windows you will have probably stored a great deal of data, including documents, emails, photographs and music. The chances are that you will want to transfer most of this information for use with Xubuntu. This section provides instructions on how to prepare yourself and your data for moving to Xubuntu. For the purposes, of this guide, you'll need access to your Windows system.

Organizar os seus ficheiros

A good way of making sure that your data is safe and ready to be used in Xubuntu is to organise your files before you make the switch.

  • Elimine os ficheiros que non use ou precise máis

  • Organice os seus ficheiros limpamente en cartafoles

  • Mova todos os seus ficheiros a unha localización central

  • Asegúrese de dispor dunha copia de todos os ficheiros que queira conservar

Organización xeral dos ficheiros

Of all of the data on your computer, a sizeable portion is likely to be redundant. That is, it is data which you will never need to use again, and there is no value in saving it for posterity. Before switching to Xubuntu, it is a good idea to identify and remove this redundant data. This has the advantage of reducing the amount of data which you must copy across from your Windows installation to your new Xubuntu installation.

If your data is organised neatly, back-up and retrieval of that data when you make the switch will be much simplified. It is worth spending a little time organising your data into one location, with different directories for different files and folders. If you have a tidy collection of documents, you are less likely to forget an important document when making the switch.

It is recommended that you move all of the files you wish to save into your My Documents folder and then organize them into folders (for example, by category or by type of file). This way, everything you need is in one location rather than being spread across multiple directories.

There are many tools available to help you to organise your data and to remove unused files. Windows XP has a built-in tool to help you to clean-up your files. Press StartAll ProgramsAccessoriesSystem ToolsDisk Cleanup to run the Windows XP Disk Cleanup Tool.

Atopar ficheiros esquecidos

You may have stored files in a location which you have forgotten about. As such, you may miss these files out of your back-up procedure and so they will not be transferred across to your Xubuntu installation. To find files of a specific type, regardless of their location, follow this procedure:

  1. Press StartSearch to start the Search application.

  2. Press the All files and folders button.

  3. In the box labelled All or part of the file name:, type *.doc (where .doc is the file extension of the type of document you wish to search for).

  4. In the selection box labelled Look in:, ensure that the Local hard drives option is selected.

  5. Press Search. All files of the .doc type will be found. To find files of other formats, substitute .doc for the file format which you wish to search for.

Conversión de ficheiros non soportados

While applications available for Xubuntu support most common file types, there are still many file types which are not supported. If you have files in an unsupported format, it is recommended that you try to convert them to a supported format before switching. This section covers some common, unsupported or only partially-supported file types and lists possible alternatives and methods of conversion.

  • Some types of file cannot be used in Xubuntu

  • Comprobe se os tipos de ficheiro que vostede usa son soportados

  • Convertir os ficheiros non soportados

Conversión de formatos de son non soportados

  • Many common audio formats cannot be played on Xubuntu without the installation of additional software. This is due to legal restrictions.

Unfortunately, due to legal restrictions and technical issues with some common audio formats, Xubuntu cannot play some audio formats out-of-the-box. While support for certain restricted formats can be added after you have installed Xubuntu, it can be advantageous to convert audio files to a well-supported format. This is especially important if the files have been encoded using some form of Digital Rights Management (DRM) software, as DRM restrictions can render files unplayable in all applications but the one in which they were applied.

The following major audio formats are proprietary and so are not supported by default in Xubuntu:

  • MP3

  • WMA

  • AAC

  • RealAudio

For a well-supported audio format to replace MP3 and WMA, consider the Ogg Vorbis format. For a well-supported lossless (very high quality) format to replace AAC Lossless and WMA-VBR, consider the FLAC format. Both of these formats are open, and can be played in Xubuntu without the installation of any additional software.

Existen moitos conversores de audio para Windows dispoñibles para a sua descarga, e algúns deles pódense obter de balde. A estas aplicacións coñéceselles co nome de codificadores de audio. A elección da aplicación depende dos formatos dende e a os que queira converter. Mire sitios web coma Download.com para obter unha lista de aplicacións que lle poidan ser útiles.

It is still possible to add support for many restricted formats (such as those listed above) to Xubuntu after installation. See the Restricted Formats document on the Ubuntu community support website for more information.

Conversión de formatos de video non soportados

  • Many common video formats cannot be played on Xubuntu without the installation of additional software. This is due to legal restrictions.

As with audio formats, due to legal and technical issues, many video formats are not supported by the default Xubuntu install. While support for some formats can be added at a later date, it is recommended that you convert important video files in unsupported formats to a format which is well supported in Xubuntu.

As with the audio formats, there are many video converter applications available as free-of-charge downloads for Windows. Consider converting your video files to a format which is well-supported by Xubuntu, such as Ogg Theora.

The following major video formats are not supported by default in Xubuntu:

  • WMV

  • RealVideo

  • DivX

  • QuickTime

It is still possible to add support for many restricted formats (such as those listed above) to Xubuntu after installation. See the Restricted Formats document on the Ubuntu community support website for more information.

Conversión de formatos de documentos de oficina non soportados

  • Xubuntu office applications can read most common office document formats without the need for conversion

The default set of office programs Xubuntu, applications from the Gnome Office suite, support very many office document formats right out of the box. These include many of the Microsoft Office, Corel and Lotus formats. If you find that you do have files in formats which are unsupported, it is likely that your existing office suite or application will have the ability to save the files to a better-supported format.

Conversión de formatos específicos de aplicación

  • Some file formats are specific to particular Windows-only applications, and so cannot be used with Xubuntu software

Many applications use file formats specific to them. A good example is the Adobe Photoshop file format. Formats such as these are generally able to store additional data compared to widely-used standard formats and so are still useful. You may find that applications exist on Xubuntu to convert or use application specific formats. The GIMP Image Editor is able to use Adobe PSD files, for example.

If you are uncertain whether a format is application-specific or has a usable alternative, seek help from a Xubuntu support channel.

Gardar unha copia de seguranza da súa instalación de Windows

It is possible to back-up your Windows installation as a whole, using a disk imaging utility. Such a utility creates an exact copy of your current Windows installation, which can be saved to several discs. If you experience a major problem when migrating, having a disk image allows you to restore your Windows installation fully without losing any data or settings. However, disk imaging utilities can be expensive and also require a great deal of storage space.

Xubuntu does not currently provide disk-imaging software, and so such software can only be obtained from third party suppliers.

Below is a list of disk-imaging utilities:

  • Acronis True Image*

  • g4u

  • Norton Ghost*

  • Paragon Drive Backup*

* commercial (non-free) software

Configuración da conexión a Internet

A configuración da conexión a Internet que sexa relevante dependerá do tipo e fornecedor da conexión. O seu fornecedor xeralmente poderá informalo da configuración relevante se encontra problemas para atopala por si mesmo.

[Note]

Se se conecta a Internet empregando unha rede local ou un enrutador, consulte the section called “Configuración da Rede” para máis intrucións.

Conexión a Internet por marcado telefónico

A continuación enuméranse algunhas configuracións comúns que é probable que precise:

  • Nome de usuario

  • Contrasinal:

  • Número telefónico para a conexión a Internet

Vostede podería precisar da seguinte información:

  • Número para marcado externo

  • Tipo de marcado (tons ou pulsos)

  • Tipo de autenticación

Conexión a Internet de banda ancha

A continuación enuméranse algunhas configuracións comúns que é probable que precise:

  • Nome de usuario

  • Contrasinal:

  • Marcando o número de teléfono

  • Tipo de conexión (normalmente PPPoE ou PPPoA)

É posible que tamén precise da seguinte información técnica, a cal debería de estar dispoñible no seu provedor de servizos de Internet:

  • Dirección IP e máscara de subrede

  • Servidor DNS, dirección da porta de enlace ou servidor DHCP

  • VPI/VCI

  • MTU

  • Tipo de encapsulación

  • Configuración DHCP

Configuración do servidor Proxy

If you connect to the Internet through a proxy server, you will need to make a note of some details of the proxy server in order to allow Xubuntu to connect to the Internet.

  1. Press StartControl PanelNetwork and Internet ConnectionsInternet Options.

  2. No separador Conexións, prema Opcións LAN....

  3. Se a opción Empregar un servidor proxy para a rede local está marcada, quere dicir que se está a conectar a Internet a través dun servidor proxy.

  4. Prema Avanzado... e tome nota do contido dos campos que aparecen en pantalla. Esta é a configuración do seu proxy.

Configuración da Rede

While Xubuntu is usually able to automatically detect the settings for your network, it is wise to make a note of relevant network settings in case the network you are trying to connect to cannot be handled automatically.

Redes locais

If you have a home network, perhaps connected using a router or switch, there are a few settings which you may need in order to connect to the network successfully. While most networks will be able to assign correct settings to Xubuntu automatically, some networks cannot.

Sega as instrucións de embaixo para obter unha copia da configuración da rede que podería precisar:

  1. Prema InicioExecutar. Escriba cmd.exe no cadro chamado Abrir: e prema Aceptar.

  2. Aparecerá unha pantalla negra chamada Símbolo do sistema. Na pantalla escriba

    ipconfig /all

    e prema Intro. Isto listará un grupo de configuracións de rede para cada un dos dispositivos da rede que teña instalado. Podería ter un ou máis dispositivos de rede.

  3. Agora, escriba

    ipconfig /all > C:\network_settings.txt

    e logo prema Intro. Isto almecenará as configuracións que acaba de ver no arquivo C:\network_settings.txt.

  4. Localice e abra C:\network_settings cun editor de texto, como o Bloc de Notas. Se é posible imprima unha copia do arquivo.

Redes de Windows

Se se conecta a unha rede de Windows, podería precisar algunha información adicional para poderes ver documentos situados nos cartafoles compartidos. Se se conecta a unha rede administrada por outra persoa, pregúntelle a información pertinente para se conectar a rede. Noutro caso, asegúrese de ter acceso a información listada embaixo:

  • Nome de domino ou de grupo de traballo

  • O seu nome de usuario e contrasinal na rede

  • Active Directory master IP address (if applicable)

Redes sen fíos

Hai certa información importante que vostede debe ter a man se desexa conectarse a unha rede sen fíos. Embaixo se detallan algúns destes puntos:

  • Nome da rede (SSID)

  • WEP encryption key or WPA passkey

There are numerous ways of discovering this information. If your wireless network is provided by a wireless router, you should be able to find this information from the configuration pages of the router. Consult the router manual for more information on where to find the relevant information.

VPNs

Virtual Private Networks are a type of network which allow you to connect to a remote private network using a public network such as the Internet. There are many different types of VPN, which have varying degrees of support under Xubuntu. If you must connect to a VPN, first identify the type of VPN which you are connecting to. If the VPN is supported under Xubuntu, it is possible that a document will be available from the VPN vendor's website which can help you to connect to the network.

Ensure that you have all of the VPN connection information that you think you may require.

Instant messaging settings

If you use instant messaging (chat) software, you will have set up a user account on an instant messaging network. Xubuntu has excellent support for many instant messaging networks by default, so you should still be able to use your existing account after you have switched. Please ensure that you make a note of the following information about your instant messaging account:

  • Nome de usuario

  • Contrasinal:

  • Screen name or alias

If possible, also make a copy of your buddy- or contact-list.

Browser favorites

It is likely that you will have stored a collection of favorite web pages in your web browser, which you would like to continue to use in Xubuntu. The following instructions are intended for users of the Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 web browser:

  1. Start Internet Explorer.

  2. Press FileImport and Export....

  3. The Import/Export Wizard will start. Press Next.

  4. Select Export Favorites and press Next.

  5. Select the folder from which you want to export your favorites. Selecting the Favorites folder will will export all of them. Press Next.

  6. Select Export to a File or Address and choose a filename. Press Next.

  7. Completing the Import/Export Wizard will be displayed. Press Finish.

  8. Your bookmarks will have been saved to the filename you specified previously.

Emails and mail account settings

You can use the same email account in Xubuntu as you have done in Windows. If you have a Web-based email account, then you should simply be able to access it using a web browser as you would have done in Windows. Otherwise, please note down the following information so that you can re-create your account settings on Xubuntu:

  • Email address

  • Contrasinal:

  • POP3 or IMAP server

  • SMTP server

  • Authentication method

The instructions on exporting emails and email account settings are specific to particular applications. Instructions for some popular email clients are given in the following sections; users of other applications may find instructions relevant to their mail application from the Ubuntu community support website.

Microsoft Outlook Express

These instructions are intended for users of Microsoft Outlook Express 6. If you are a user of a different version of Outlook Express, you may find instructions specific to that version from the Ubuntu community support website.

Exporting the address book
  1. Open Outlook Express and press FileExportAddress Book...

  2. The Address Book Export Tool will start. Select the option Text File (Comma Separated Values) and then press Export.

  3. Save the file in a memorable location. Give the file a descriptive name, such as mail_address_book.csv, and press Next.

  4. Select the details from the address book which you would like to export. If you are unsure, tick all of the options. Then, press Finish.

  5. You should receive a message stating that the Address book export process has completed. Press OK and then Close. Your address book should now have been exported successfully.

Exporting mail messages

Because Microsoft Outlook Express is unable to export its mail messages to an intermediate format, you must install another piece of software in order to export your email.

Please see the section called “Preparing email for export using Mozilla Thunderbird” for instructions on importing your email into the Mozilla Thunderbird application, which will allow the exporting of your messages.

Microsoft Office Outlook

These instructions are intended for users of Microsoft Office Outlook 2003. If you are a user of a different version of Outlook, you may find instructions specific to that version on the wiki.

Exporting all Outlook data
[Caution]

This method may be unreliable and should be used for backup purposes only.

  1. Open Outlook and press ToolsOptions...

  2. Select the Mail Setup tab and press Data Files...

  3. A screen called Outlook Data Files will be displayed. Select the first file in the list, make a note of its name, and press Open Folder...

  4. A folder will open. Find the file you just selected. If you have difficultly finding the file, it should be of type Office Data File or have the file extension .pst.

  5. Copy the file into the location you are using to store your exported settings.

  6. Repeat this process for all of the files which were listed on the Outlook Data Files screen.

Exporting your contacts
  1. Open Outlook and press FileImport and Export...

  2. The Import and Export Wizard will start. Select the option Export to a file and then press Next.

  3. Select Comma Separated Values (DOS) and press Next

  4. Select the Contacts folder and press Next. Then, choose where to save the file and press Next.

  5. A screen listing Actions to be performed will be shown. Press Finish to export your contacts to the location you selected in the previous step.

Exporting your calendar
  1. Open Outlook and press FileImport and Export...

  2. The Import and Export Wizard will start. Select the option Export to a file and then press Next.

  3. Select Comma Separated Values (DOS) and press Next

  4. Select the Calendars folder and press Next. Then, choose where to save the file and press Next.

  5. A screen listing Actions to be performed will be shown. Press Finish to export your contacts to the location you selected in the previous step.

Exporting mail messages

Because Microsoft Outlook is unable to fully export its mail messages to a usable intermediate format, you must install another piece of software in order to export your email.

Please see the section called “Preparing email for export using Mozilla Thunderbird” for instructions on importing your email into the Mozilla Thunderbird application, which will allow the exporting of your messages.

Preparing email for export using Mozilla Thunderbird

Because some mail clients (such as Microsoft Outlook and Microsoft Outlook Express) do not store their mail messages in a standard format, an additional piece of software must be used to convert the mail before export. Mozilla Thunderbird is a free, open-source application which is able to do this.

The following instructions explain how to obtain Thunderbird and then use it to prepare mail messages for export:

  1. Open a web browser and navigate to the Mozilla Thunderbird website. Follow the link to download Mozilla Thunderbird.

  2. Once the download has completed, run the installer package. Follow the instructions to install Thunderbird.

  3. Once the installer has completed, start Mozilla Thunderbird. You should be greeted with the Import Wizard. Follow the instructions to import all settings - this should import your mail and some other data.

  4. If the Import Wizard does not appear, press ToolsImport... and choose the Mail option. Follow the instructions to import your mail.

Once all of your mail has been imported, you must now make a copy of it for exporting. Please see the section called “Exporting email messages from Mozilla Thunderbird” for instructions on how to do this.

Exporting email messages from Mozilla Thunderbird

These instructions are intended for users of Mozilla Thunderbird and users of Outlook and Outlook Express who imported their mail into Thunderbird (see the section called “Preparing email for export using Mozilla Thunderbird”).

  1. Press StartRun, type %AppData%\Thunderbird\Profiles\ into the box provided, and then press OK. A folder will open.

  2. In the newly-opened folder, you should find another folder with a name made up mostly of random characters, for example fyhsxlr3.default. Open this folder.

  3. In this folder, locate a folder named Mail or ImapMail. Select this folder and copy it to a safe location.

  4. When you switch to Xubuntu, make a back-up copy of the folder you just made a copy of. This folder contains all of your mail folders from Thunderbird, in the mbox format.

Transferring your data safely

Once you have collected together all of the files and settings you might need, you must create a copy of them which can be stored safely while you initially install Xubuntu. There are many ways of storing a copy of this data, and which method you choose will depend on your particular circumstances.

[Caution]

After you have made a copy of your files, it is very important to test the files to ensure that they have been copied successfully. If you have many files, at least check the most important files and randomly check other files where possible. This will help to protect you from data loss.

Direct transfer

If you are installing Xubuntu onto a different computer than the one on which your data is stored, you can leave the data you collected on that computer and can safely transfer the data across once Xubuntu has been installed onto the other computer.

When ready, you can transfer the data between the computers using a network connection.

CD or DVD disc

A common and reliable way of backing-up data is by using a recordable CD or DVD disc. CDs and DVDs can be used by almost all computers and are relatively cheap. However, your computer must have a CD or DVD recorder drive installed and you may have to use several CDs or DVDs if the data you have collected is larger than the capacity of a single disc.

If possible, use DVD discs as these have a larger capacity and so you will require fewer discs to store all of your data. CDs typically have a capacity of 650-700MB while DVDs can normally hold up to 4.5GB of data (roughly equivalent to 7 CDs).

In order to store data on a blank CD or DVD, you must use a CD writing application. Microsoft Windows XP includes such an application by default, although other such applications are capable of storing your data just as well.

  1. Ensure that your CD- or DVD-writing drive contains no discs. Eject any discs currently in the drive.

  2. Press StartMy Computer. Locate your CD or DVD writing drive - it will likely have a name such as CD-RW drive.

  3. Double-click on the icon of the drive. A blank folder should open, with a heading called CD Writing Tasks shown in the blue panel to the left of the screen.

  4. Leave this folder open and then open the folder containing the files which you have collected together.

  5. Select as many files as you are able to fit onto the disc which you will be using. You can check the size of the current selection by right-clicking any selected file and choosing Properties from the menu which appears. The Size field on the General tab gives the size of the current selection.

  6. Copy the selected files into the CD- or DVD-drive folder which you opened earlier.

  7. Press Write these files to CD, which can be found in the blue panel. The CD Writing Wizard will start.

  8. Follow the instructions given on-screen by the CD Writing Wizard. This will write the selected files to a blank CD or DVD.

  9. Once the disc has been written, eject it and then re-insert it into the drive. In My Computer, open the drive and check that the files you just copied to the CD are visible there. Try opening a few of them just to make sure.

  10. Repeat this procedure until all of the files you collected together are safely stored onto CDs or DVDs.

Once you have stored your data onto discs, ensure that the discs are well protected and labelled correctly. If you scratch or otherwise damage a disc, you may lose some of the data stored on it. Labelling discs also helps to avoid confusion and will allow you to quickly find data when the time comes to transfer it back onto a computer.

External hard-disk drive or other removable device

If you have access to an external hard-disk drive or some other removable storage device of a great enough capacity, then you can simply copy the files you have collected onto this device. When ready to transfer the files onto your Xubuntu installation, you may simply connect the drive and copy the files from it again.

Removable storage devices such as external hard disks will have a certain type of file system. For use on removable devices, the best supported filesystem for Xubuntu is FAT (also called FAT32 or vfat). While other file systems (such as NTFS and HFS+) are usable, they may require additional steps to allow you to use them with Xubuntu. If possible, try to use the FAT format for your removable disk.

You can discover the format of an external disk by right-clicking it in My Computer and selecting Properties. The format of the disk is shown in the General tab under File system.

Network share

If your computer is connected to a network, you may be able to temporarily store the files which you collected together on another computer on the network.

  1. Ensure that a computer on the network has sufficient disk space to allow you to copy your files onto it.

  2. Ensure that you are able to copy files onto the other computer from your computer. To be able to do this, the computer must have at least one network share/shared folder and you must have write privileges for that network share.

  3. Open the network share on your computer. This can normally be accessed by pressing StartMy ComputerMy Network Places and then finding the network share or the computer which provides the network share.

  4. Copy the files you collected into the network share. This may take some time depending on the size of your files and the speed of your network connection.

Secondary hard-disk partition

If you have a second partition available on your hard disk, or have two hard-disks, then it is possible to copy the files you have collected onto this second drive.

[Warning]

You must be very careful not to over-write the partition on which you have stored your data. It is recommended to make additional back-up copies of your files onto CDs or DVDs in case of this.

Simply copy the files you have collected onto the second drive as it appears in My Computer. Ensure that this drive (or partition) is not the one which you intend to install Xubuntu on to.

Glossary of Windows Terms

Add/Remove Programs

Use ApplicationsSystemAdd/Remove... to install applications from Xubuntu’s software library, or to remove existing applications from your computer. Use ApplicationsSystemSynaptic Package Manager for more advanced tasks.

Control Panel

Settings that affect everyone who uses Xubuntu on this computer are found in ApplicationsSystem. Settings that just affect you are accessed from ApplicationsSettings.

Explorer

To manage the files and folders on your computer, start by choosing an item from the Places menu.

Favorites

Use Places for easy access to commonly-used folders. Firefox has Bookmarks, which are equivalent to Favorites in Internet Explorer.

Internet Explorer

You can use Firefox to search the Web and visit Web sites: ApplicationsNetworkFirefox Web Browser.

Log Off

To close all your programs and leave the computer ready for someone else to log in, choose ApplicationsQuit, then Log Out.

My Computer

Equivalent items to those in the “My Computer” window are found in various places in Xubuntu.

My Documents

Inside your home folder (ApplicationsAccessoriesThunar File Manager), you can arrange documents and other files in whatever folders you wish.

Printers & Faxes

Open ApplicationsSettingsPrinting to set up printers. Xubuntu does not support faxing.

Recycle Bin

The Trash works much the same way as the Recycle Bin. The Trash is almost always at the bottom right corner of the screen.

En espera

To put your computer into a power-saving mode until you resume using it, choose ApplicationsQuit, then Suspend or Hibernate. (Hibernate requires no power at all, but is slower, and is not available on some types of computer.)

Start button

The three menus at the top left of the screen — Applications, Places, and System — contain most of the same things as the Start menu in Windows.

Task Manager

To see or halt currently running programs, or to track processor and memory usage, choose ApplicationsSystemSystem Monitor.

Windows Media Player

Programs that play music and movies, and rip music CDs, are available from ApplicationsMultimedia.

Windows Update

To check for updates to Xubuntu, open ApplicationsSystemUpdate Manager.