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Multivariate Pattern Analysis in Python |
The term Searchlight refers to an algorithm that runs a scalar DatasetMeasure on all possible spheres of a certain size within a dataset (that provides information about distances between feature locations). The measure typically computed is a cross-validated transfer error (see CrossValidatedTransferError). The idea to use a searchlight as a sensitivity analyzer on fMRI datasets stems from Kriegeskorte et al. (2006).
A searchlight analysis is can be easily performed. This examples shows a minimal draft of a complete analysis.
First import a necessary pieces of PyMVPA – this time each bit individually.
>>> from mvpa.datasets.masked import MaskedDataset
>>> from mvpa.datasets.splitter import OddEvenSplitter
>>> from mvpa.clfs.svm import LinearCSVMC
>>> from mvpa.clfs.transerror import TransferError
>>> from mvpa.algorithms.cvtranserror import CrossValidatedTransferError
>>> from mvpa.measures.searchlight import Searchlight
>>> from mvpa.misc.data_generators import normalFeatureDataset
>>>
For the sake of simplicity, let’s use a small artificial dataset.
>>> # overcomplicated way to generate an example dataset
>>> ds = normalFeatureDataset(perlabel=10, nlabels=2, nchunks=2,
>>> nfeatures=10, nonbogus_features=[3, 7],
>>> snr=5.0)
>>> dataset = MaskedDataset(samples=ds.samples, labels=ds.labels,
>>> chunks=ds.chunks)
>>>
Now it only takes three lines for a searchlight analysis.
>>> # setup measure to be computed in each sphere (cross-validated
>>> # generalization error on odd/even splits)
>>> cv = CrossValidatedTransferError(
>>> TransferError(LinearCSVMC()),
>>> OddEvenSplitter())
>>>
>>> # setup searchlight with 5 mm radius and measure configured above
>>> sl = Searchlight(cv, radius=5)
>>>
>>> # run searchlight on dataset
>>> sl_map = sl(dataset)
>>>
>>> print 'Best performing sphere error:', max(sl_map)
>>>
If this analysis is done on a fMRI dataset using NiftiDataset the resulting searchlight map (sl_map) can be mapped back into the original dataspace and viewed as a brain overlay. Another example shows a typical application of this algorithm.
See also
The full source code of this example is included in the PyMVPA source distribution (doc/examples/searchlight_minimal.py).