Coordinate Reference Frames

This section describes each of the coordinate reference frame types currently supported by GEOTRANS.

Geocentric Coordinates

Local Cartesian Coordinates

Geodetic Coordinates

GEOREF Coordinates

Global Area Reference System (GARS) Coordinates

Military Grid Reference System (MGRS) Coordinates

United States National Grid (USNG) Coordinates

Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Coordinates

Universal Polar Stereographic (UPS) Coordinates

Albers Equal Area Conic Projection

Azimuthal Equidistant Projection

Bonne Projection

British National Grid Coordinates

Cassini Projection

Cylindrical Equal Area Projection

Eckert IV Projection

Eckert VI Projection

Equidistant Cylindrical Projection

Gnomonic Projection

Lambert Conformal Conic (1 parallel) Projection

Lambert Conformal Conic (2 parallel) Projection

Mercator Projection

Miller Cylindrical Projection

Mollweide Projection

New Zealand Map Grid Projection

Ney's (Modified Lambert Conformal Conic) Projection

Oblique Mercator Projection

Orthographic Projection

Polar Stereographic Projection

Polyconic Projection

Sinusoidal Projection

Stereographic Projection

Transverse Cylindrical Equal Area Projection

Transverse Mercator Projection

Van der Grinten Projection

F-16 Grid Referense System Coordinates

Geocentric Coordinates

Description

Parameters:

None.

Coordinates:

X – the X coordinate value, in meters,

Y – the Y coordinate value, in meters, and

Z – the Z coordinate value, in meters.

Local Cartesian Coordinates

Description

Parameters:

None.

Coordinates:

X – the X coordinate value, in meters,

Y – the Y coordinate value, in meters, and

Z – the Z coordinate value, in meters.

Geodetic Coordinates

Description

Parameters:

Height Type – the type of the height values used, No Height, Ellipsoid Height, MSL-EGM96-15M-BL Height (recommended), MSL-EGM96-VG-NS Height, MSL-EGM84-10D-BL Height, or MSL-EGM84-10D-NS Height,

Coordinates:

Latitude – the Latitude value, in degrees, degrees/minutes, or degrees/minutes/seconds,

Longitude – the Longitude value, in degrees, degrees/minutes, or degrees/minutes/seconds, and

Height – the height above the reference surface, in meters.

GEOREF Coordinates

Description

Parameters:

None.

Coordinates:

GEOREF Coordinate String – an alphanumeric string made up of four letters followed by up to ten digits.

GARS Coordinates

Description

Parameters:

None.

Coordinates:

GARS Coordinate String – an alphanumeric string made up of three digits, followed by two letters and two digits.

Mercator Projection

Description

Parameters:

Central Meridian – a longitude value that specifies the horizontal center of the projection,

Latitude_of_True_Scale – a latitude value that specifies the parallel where the point scale factor is 1.0,

False Easting – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Easting/X coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Central Meridian), and

False Northing – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Northing/Y coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the equator).

Coordinates:

Easting/X – the Easting/X coordinate value, in meters, and

Northing/Y – the Northing/Y coordinate value, in meters.

Note: The Scale Factor field is an output field. The Scale Factor value is calculated and displayed based on the ellipsoid parameters and the Latitude of True Scale.

Transverse Mercator Projection

Description

Parameters:

Central Meridian – a longitude value that specifies the horizontal center of the projection,

Origin Latitude – a latitude value that specifies the parallel where the point scale factor is 1.0,

Scale Factor – a real number between 0.3 and 3.0 that specifies the projection scale factor, the ratio between distances in the projection and distances on the surface of the reference ellipsoid,

False Easting – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Easting/X coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Central Meridian), and

False Northing – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Northing/Y coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the equator).

Coordinates:

Easting/X – the Easting/X coordinate value, in meters, and

Northing/Y – the Northing/Y coordinate value, in meters.

Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Coordinates

Description

Parameters:

None.

Coordinates:

Zone – the UTM zone number,

Hemisphere – the hemisphere ('N' or 'S'),

Easting/X – the Easting/X coordinate value, in meters, and

Northing/Y – the Northing/Y coordinate value, in meters.

Zone Override:

Override – In the Output Area, allows you to specify in which UTM zone the output coordinates will be located.

Polar Stereographic Projection

Description

Parameters:

Longitude Down from Pole – a longitude value that specifies the orientation of the projection,

Latitude of True Scale – the latitude at which the scale factor is one,

False Easting – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Easting/X coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the pole), and

False Northing – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Northing/Y coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the pole).

Coordinates:

Easting/X – the Easting/X coordinate value, in meters, and

Northing/Y – the Northing/Y coordinate value, in meters.

Universal Polar Stereographic (UPS) Coordinates

Description

Parameters:

None.

Coordinates:

Hemisphere – the hemisphere ('N' or 'S'),

Easting/X – the Easting/X coordinate value, in meters, and

Northing/Y – the Northing/Y coordinate value, in meters.

Military Grid Reference System (MGRS) Coordinates

Description

Parameters:

None.

Coordinates:

MGRS Coordinates – an alphanumeric string made up of from zero to two digits, followed by three letters, followed by up to ten digits.

United States National Grid (USNG) Coordinates

Description

Parameters:

None.

Coordinates:

USNG Coordinates – an alphanumeric string made up of from zero to two digits, followed by three letters, followed by up to ten digits.

Albers Equal Area Conic Projection

Description

Parameters:

Central Meridian – a longitude value that specifies the horizontal center of the projection,

Origin Latitude – a latitude value that specifies the vertical center of the projection,

1st Standard Parallel – a latitude value that specifies one of the two the parallels where the point scale factor is 1.0,

2nd Standard Parallel – a latitude value that specifies one of the two the parallels where the point scale factor is 1.0,

False Easting – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Easting/X coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Central Meridian), and

False Northing – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Northing/Y coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Origin Latitude).

Coordinates:

Easting/X – the Easting/X coordinate value, in meters, and

Northing/Y – the Northing/Y coordinate value, in meters.

Azimuthal Equidistant Projection

Description

Parameters:

Central Meridian – a longitude value that specifies the horizontal center of the projection,

Origin Latitude – a latitude value that specifies the vertical center of the projection,

False Easting – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Easting/X coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Central Meridian), and

False Northing – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Northing/Y coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Origin Latitude).

Coordinates:

Easting/X – the Easting/X coordinate value, in meters, and

Northing/Y – the Northing/Y coordinate value, in meters.

Bonne Projection

Description

Parameters:

Central Meridian – a longitude value that specifies the horizontal center of the projection,

Origin Latitude – a latitude value that specifies the vertical center of the projection,

False Easting – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Easting/X coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Central Meridian), and

False Northing – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Northing/Y coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Origin Latitude).

Coordinates:

Easting/X – the Easting/X coordinate value, in meters, and

Northing/Y – the Northing/Y coordinate value, in meters.

British National Grid Coordinates

Description

Parameters:

None.

Coordinates:

BNG Coordinate String – an alphanumeric string made up of two letters followed by up to ten digits.

Cassini Projection

Description

Parameters:

Central Meridian – a longitude value that specifies the horizontal center of the projection,

Origin Latitude – a latitude value that specifies the vertical center of the projection,

False Easting – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Easting/X coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Central Meridian), and

False Northing – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Northing/Y coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Origin Latitude).

Coordinates:

Easting/X – the Easting/X coordinate value, in meters, and

Northing/Y – the Northing/Y coordinate value, in meters.

Cylindrical Equal Area Projection

Description

Parameters:

Central Meridian – a longitude value that specifies the horizontal center of the projection,

Origin Latitude – a latitude value that specifies the vertical center of the projection,

False Easting – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Easting/X coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Central Meridian), and

False Northing – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Northing/Y coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Origin Latitude).

Coordinates:

Easting/X – the Easting/X coordinate value, in meters, and

Northing/Y – the Northing/Y coordinate value, in meters.

Eckert IV Projection

Description

Parameters:

Central Meridian – a longitude value that specifies the horizontal center of the projection,

False Easting – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Easting/X coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Central Meridian), and

False Northing – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Northing/Y coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Origin Latitude).

Coordinates:

Easting/X – the Easting/X coordinate value, in meters, and

Northing/Y – the Northing/Y coordinate value, in meters.

Eckert VI Projection

Description

Parameters:

Central Meridian – a longitude value that specifies the horizontal center of the projection,

False Easting – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Easting/X coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Central Meridian), and

False Northing – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Northing/Y coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Origin Latitude).

Coordinates:

Easting/X – the Easting/X coordinate value, in meters, and

Northing/Y – the Northing/Y coordinate value, in meters.

Equidistant Cylindrical Projection

Description

Parameters:

Central Meridian – a longitude value that specifies the horizontal center of the projection,

Origin Latitude – a latitude value that specifies the vertical center of the projection,

False Easting – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Easting/X coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Central Meridian), and

False Northing – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Northing/Y coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Origin Latitude).

Coordinates:

Easting/X – the Easting/X coordinate value, in meters, and

Northing/Y – the Northing/Y coordinate value, in meters.

Gnomonic Projection

Description

Parameters:

Central Meridian – a longitude value that specifies the horizontal center of the projection,

Origin Latitude – a latitude value that specifies the vertical center of the projection,

False Easting – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Easting/X coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Central Meridian), and

False Northing – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Northing/Y coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Origin Latitude).

Coordinates:

Easting/X – the Easting/X coordinate value, in meters, and

Northing/Y – the Northing/Y coordinate value, in meters.

Lambert Conformal Conic (1 parallel) Projection

Description

Parameters:

Central Meridian – a longitude value that specifies the horizontal center of the projection,

Origin Latitude – a latitude value that specifies the vertical center of the projection,

Scale Factor – a real number between 0.3 and 3.0 that specifies the projection scale factor, the ratio between distances in the projection and distances on the surface of the reference ellipsoid,

False Easting – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Easting/X coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Central Meridian), and

False Northing – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Northing/Y coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Origin Latitude).

Coordinates:

Easting/X – the Easting/X coordinate value, in meters, and

Northing/Y – the Northing/Y coordinate value, in meters.

Lambert Conformal Conic (2 parallel) Projection

Description

Parameters:

Central Meridian – a longitude value that specifies the horizontal center of the projection,

Origin Latitude – a latitude value that specifies the vertical center of the projection,

1st Standard Parallel – a latitude value that specifies one of the two the parallels where the point scale factor is 1.0,

2nd Standard Parallel – a latitude value that specifies one of the two the parallels where the point scale factor is 1.0,

False Easting – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Easting/X coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Central Meridian), and

False Northing – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Northing/Y coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Origin Latitude).

Note that when the two standard parallel parameters are both set to the same latitude value, the result is a Lambert Conformal Conic projection with one standard parallel at the specified latitude.

Coordinates:

Easting/X – the Easting/X coordinate value, in meters, and

Northing/Y – the Northing/Y coordinate value, in meters.

Miller Cylindrical Projection

Description

Parameters:

Central Meridian – a longitude value that specifies the horizontal center of the projection,

False Easting – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Easting/X coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Central Meridian), and

False Northing – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Northing/Y coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Origin Latitude).

Coordinates:

Easting/X – the Easting/X coordinate value, in meters, and

Northing/Y – the Northing/Y coordinate value, in meters.

Mollweide Projection

Description

Parameters:

Central Meridian – a longitude value that specifies the horizontal center of the projection,

False Easting – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Easting/X coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Central Meridian), and

False Northing – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Northing/Y coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Origin Latitude).

Coordinates:

Easting/X – the Easting/X coordinate value, in meters, and

Northing/Y – the Northing/Y coordinate value, in meters.

New Zealand Map Grid Projection

Description

Parameters:

None.

Coordinates:

Easting/X – the Easting/X coordinate value, in meters, and

Northing/Y – the Northing/Y coordinate value, in meters.

Ney's (Modified Lambert Conformal Conic) Projection

Description

Parameters:

Central Meridian – a longitude value that specifies the horizontal center of the projection,

Origin Latitude – a latitude value that specifies the vertical center of the projection,

1st Standard Parallel – a latitude value that specifies one of the two the parallels where the point scale factor is 1.0,

False Easting – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Easting/X coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Central Meridian), and

False Northing – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Northing/Y coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Origin Latitude).

Coordinates:

Easting/X – the Easting/X coordinate value, in meters, and

Northing/Y – the Northing/Y coordinate value, in meters.

Note: The 2nd Standard Parallel field is a read only field. The 2nd Standard Parallel value is fixed at 89 59 59.0.

Oblique Mercator Projection

Description

Parameters:

Origin Latitude – a latitude value that specifies the vertical center of the projection,

Latitude 1 – latitude of the first point lying on the central line of the projection,

Longitude 1 – longitude of the first point lying on the central line of the projection,

Latitude 2 – latitude of the second point lying on the central line of the projection,

Longitude 2 – longitude of the second point lying on the central line of the projection,

Scale Factor – a real number between 0.3 and 3.0 that specifies the projection scale factor, the ratio between distances in the projection and distances on the surface of the reference ellipsoid,

False Easting – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Easting/X coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Central Meridian), and

False Northing – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Northing/Y coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Origin Latitude).

Coordinates:

Easting/X – the Easting/X coordinate value, in meters, and

Northing/Y – the Northing/Y coordinate value, in meters.

Orthographic Projection

Description

Parameters:

Central Meridian – a longitude value that specifies the horizontal center of the projection,

Origin Latitude – a latitude value that specifies the vertical center of the projection,

False Easting – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Easting/X coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Central Meridian), and

False Northing – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Northing/Y coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Origin Latitude).

Coordinates:

Easting/X – the Easting/X coordinate value, in meters, and

Northing/Y – the Northing/Y coordinate value, in meters.

Polyconic Projection

Description

Parameters:

Central Meridian – a longitude value that specifies the horizontal center of the projection,

Origin Latitude – a latitude value that specifies the vertical center of the projection,

False Easting – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Easting/X coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Central Meridian), and

False Northing – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Northing/Y coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Origin Latitude).

Coordinates:

Easting/X – the Easting/X coordinate value, in meters, and

Northing/Y – the Northing/Y coordinate value, in meters.

Sinusoidal Projection

Description

Parameters:

Central Meridian – a longitude value that specifies the horizontal center of the projection,

False Easting – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Easting/X coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Central Meridian), and

False Northing – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Northing/Y coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Origin Latitude).

Coordinates:

Easting/X – the Easting/X coordinate value, in meters, and

Northing/Y – the Northing/Y coordinate value, in meters.

Stereographic Projection

Description

Parameters:

Central Meridian – a longitude value that specifies the horizontal center of the projection,

Origin Latitude – a latitude value that specifies the vertical center of the projection,

False Easting – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Easting/X coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Central Meridian), and

False Northing – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Northing/Y coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Origin Latitude).

Coordinates:

Easting/X – the Easting/X coordinate value, in meters, and

Northing/Y – the Northing/Y coordinate value, in meters.

Transverse Cylindrical Equal Area Projection

Description

Parameters:

Central Meridian – a longitude value that specifies the horizontal center of the projection,

Origin Latitude – a latitude value that specifies the vertical center of the projection,

Scale Factor – a real number between 0.3 and 3.0 that specifies the projection scale factor, the ratio between distances in the projection and distances on the surface of the reference ellipsoid,

False Easting – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Easting/X coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Central Meridian), and

False Northing – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Northing/Y coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Origin Latitude).

Coordinates:

Easting/X – the Easting/X coordinate value, in meters, and

Northing/Y – the Northing/Y coordinate value, in meters.

Van der Grinten Projection

Description

Parameters:

Central Meridian – a longitude value that specifies the horizontal center of the projection,

False Easting – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Easting/X coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Central Meridian), and

False Northing – a coordinate value in meters that specifies the Northing/Y coordinate at the origin of the projection (i.e., the Origin Latitude).

Coordinates:

Easting/X – the Easting/X coordinate value, in meters, and

Northing/Y – the Northing/Y coordinate value, in meters.

F-16 Grid Reference System Coordinates

Description

Parameters:

None.

Coordinates:

F-16 GRS Coordinates - an alphanumeric string made up of from zero to two digits, followed by three letters, followed by up to ten digits.