[ anterior ] [ Contenidos ] [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ siguiente ]
Existen algunas interfaces para el APT que lo hacen más fácil de utilizar.
Pero nuestro objetivo aquí es aprender a manejar APT puro. Así que, ¿cómo podría saber el nombre de un paquete que quiere instalar?
That's what this chapter intends to answer. Let's check out our options.
Por ejemplo, supongamos que usted quiere revivir la gloria de la época dorada del Atari 2600. Quiere utilizar APT para instalar un emulador de Atari, y después bajar algunos juegos, puede hacer lo siguiente:
$ aptitude search atari p atari-fdisk-cross - Partition editor for Atari (running on no p atari800 - Atari emulator for X/curses/SDL p console-keymaps-atari - Keymaps for Atari keyboards.
We find several packages related to what we're looking for, together with brief descriptions. The p letter at the begining of the line is similar to the notation used inside the curses UI aptitude uses. It means, thus, that the package is not installed. Important to notice that aptitude only searches package names by default. You can use all the search options provided by aptitude, which you can discover by reading the aptitude's User Manual. To search the descriptions, for example, you could use:
$ aptitude search ~datari p aranym - Atari Running on Any Machine p atari-fdisk-cross - Partition editor for Atari (running on no p atari800 - Atari emulator for X/curses/SDL p circuslinux - The clowns are trying to pop balloons to p circuslinux-data - Data files for circuslinux p console-keymaps-atari - Keymaps for Atari keyboards. [...] p stella - Atari 2600 Emulator for SDL & X windows [...]
Now, that returned many more packages, as we can see. Now that we found a list of possible solutions to our problem, let's go deeper into them:
$ aptitude show stella Package: atari-fdisk-cross Version: 0.7.1-5 Priority: extra Section: otherosfs Maintainer: Roman Hodek <roman@hodek.net$gt; Uncompressed Size: 106k Description: Partition editor for Atari (running on non-Atari) Atari-fdisk allows you to create and edit the partition table of a disk partitioned in Atari format. It supports both the AHDI 5.0 and ICD variations of the Atari format. It is an interactive tool with a menu similar to PC fdisk, and also supports most options of PC fdisk.
En este desplegado tiene muchos detalles sobre paquete seleccionado así como su descripcion. Si el paquete estuviera instalado y hubiera una versión más reciente, vería la información de las dos versiones, por ejemplo:
$ apt-cache show muine Package: muine Version: 0.5.0-1 Priority: optional Section: gnome Maintainer: Link Dupont <link@subpop.net> Depends: gstreamer-gconf (>= 0.6.4), libatk1.0-0 (>= 1.4.1), libbonobo2-0 (>= 2.4.3), libc6 (>= 2.3.2.ds1-4), libflac4, libgconf2-4 (>= 2.4.0.1), libgdbm3, libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.2.3), libgnomevfs2-0 (>= 2.4.1), libgnomevfs2-common (>= 2.4.1), libgstreamer0.6-0 (>= 0.6.1-2), libgtk2.0-0 (>= 2.2.1), libid3tag0 (>= 0.15.0b), libogg0 (>= 1.1.0), liborbit2 (>= 1:2.8.0), libpango1.0-0 (>= 1.2.1), libvorbis0a (>= 1.0.1), libvorbisfile3 (>= 1.0.1), libxml2 (>= 2.6.7), zlib1g (>= 1:1.2.1), gconf2 (>= 2.4.0), mono-jit (>= 0.30) | cli-virtual-machine, gtk-sharp (>= 0.17), gconf-sharp (>= 0.17), gnome-sharp (>= 0.17) Architecture: i386 Filename: ./pool/main/m/muine/muine_0.5.0-1_i386.deb Size: 164314 Installed-Size: 692 MD5sum: 9885f13e5ef4f76b3bf6fe7bb3ea8634 Description: Simple music player Muine is an innovative music player. It has a simple interface designed to allow the user to easily construct playlists from albums and/or single songs. Its goal is to be simply a music player, not to become a robust music management application. Package: muine Priority: optional Section: gnome Installed-Size: 492 Maintainer: Link Dupont <link@subpop.net> Architecture: i386 Version: 0.4.0-8 Depends: gstreamer-gconf (>= 0.6.4), libatk1.0-0 (>= 1.4.1), libbonobo2-0 (>= 2.4.3), libc6 (>= 2.3.2.ds1-4), libflac4, libgconf2-4 (>= 2.4.0.1), libgdbm3, libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.2.3), libgnomevfs2-0 (>= 2.4.1), libgnomevfs2-common (>= 2.4.1), libgstreamer0.6-0 (>= 0.6.1-2), libgtk2.0-0 (>= 2.2.1), libid3tag0 (>= 0.15.0b), libogg0 (>= 1.1.0), liborbit2 (>= 1:2.8.0), libpango1.0-0 (>= 1.2.1), libvorbis0a (>= 1.0.1), libvorbisfile3 (>= 1.0.1), libxml2 (>= 2.6.6), zlib1g (>= 1:1.2.1), gconf2 (>= 2.4.0), mono-jit (>= 0.30) | cli-virtual-machine, gtk-sharp (>= 0.16), gconf-sharp (>= 0.16), gnome-sharp (>= 0.16) Filename: pool/main/m/muine/muine_0.4.0-8_i386.deb Size: 139864 MD5sum: e746709ad6a6fcc1e9c46b46b3d6e5b2 Description: Simple music player Muine is an innovative music player. It has a simple interface designed to allow the user to easily construct playlists from albums and/or single songs. Its goal is to be simply a music player, not to become a robust music management application.
Obteniendo información de los paquetes.
# apt-cache showpkg penguin-command Package: penguin-command Versions: 1.4.5-1(/var/lib/apt/lists/download.sourceforge.net_debian_dists_unstable_main_binary-i386_Packages)(/var/lib/dpkg/status) Reverse Depends: Dependencies: 1.4.5-1 - libc6 (2 2.2.1-2) libpng2 (0 (null)) libsdl-mixer1.1 (2 1.1.0) libsdl1.1 (0 (null)) zlib1g (2 1:1.1.3) Provides: 1.4.5-1 - Reverse Provides:
Y sólo para saber de que paquetes depende:
[root]@[/] # apt-cache depends penguin-command penguin-command Depends: libc6 Depends: libpng2 Depends: libsdl-mixer1.1 Depends: libsdl1.1 Depends: zlib1g
En resumen, tenemos una gran variedad de armas que podemos utilizar para averiguar el nombre del paquete que queramos.
Uno de los caminos para conocer el nombre de un paquete es saber el nombre de un archivo importante que sea contenido por ese paquete. Por ejemplo, para conocer el paquete que ofrece ciertos archivos ".h" puede ejecutar:
# dpkg -S stdio.h libc6-dev: /usr/include/stdio.h libc6-dev: /usr/include/bits/stdio.h perl: /usr/lib/perl/5.6.0/CORE/nostdio.h
o:
# dpkg -S /usr/include/stdio.h libc6-dev: /usr/include/stdio.h
Notice that this method only works to find package names of packages that are
installed in your system. You'll have to use auto-apt
(see Cómo instalar programas "en
demanda", Sección 7.1) or apt-file
(see Cómo descubrir a que paquete peretenece un archivo., Sección
6.3) to search for files on packages which are not installed. You can also
take a look at the http://packages.debian.org/
website. To list the names of packages installed on your system, which is
useful, for example, if you plan to clean up your hard drive, you can run:
# dpkg -l | grep mozilla ii mozilla-browse 0.9.6-7 Mozilla Web Browser
El problema con este comando radica en que puede "truncar" el nombre del programa. En el ejemplo anterior, el nombre completo del paquete es mozilla-browser. Para arreglar esto, puede utilizar las variables de ambiente COLUMNS de este modo:
[kov]@[couve] $ COLUMNS=132 dpkg -l | grep mozilla ii mozilla-browser 0.9.6-7 Mozilla Web Browser - core and browser
Si usted quiere instalar un paquete, y no puede saber como se llama al buscarlo
con apt-cache
, pero sabe el nombre de un archivo que pertenece al
paquete, entonces puede utilizar apt-file
para encontrar el nombre
del paquete que busca. Esto se hace de la siguiente manera:
$ apt-file search filename
Trabaja de manera similar a dpkg -S, pero tambien le muestra
paquetes sin instalar que contengan ese archivo. Puede también ser utilizado
para saber que paquetes contiene archivos de inclusión para la compilación de
ciertos programas, aunque auto-apt
es una mejor solución para
estos casos, consulte Cómo instalar
programas "en demanda", Sección 7.1.
También puede enlistar el contenido de un paquete ejecutando:
$ apt-file list packagename
apt-file
mantiene una base de datos sobre que archivos tiene cada
paquete, tal como auto-apt lo hace y necesita estar al día. Esto se hace asi:
# apt-file update
Por omisión, apt-file
utiliza la misma base de datos que
auto-apt
utiliza, consulte Cómo instalar programas "en
demanda", Sección 7.1.
There are lots of web resources with informations about the packages available in the Debian distribution, most of them directed mainly towards Debian Developers, but many of them may be useful for users, too.
The Debian Packages
Pages
lets you search for packages that are available on the various
architectures Debian supports and, also, search for the contents of all the
Debian packages. There are information regarding dependencies and other
relationships with packages. There are also links to download the source
package and the binary package for all architectures. You can use a shortcut
like http://packages.debian.org/packagename to have
quick access links to a package.
The Package Tracking
System
provides information about what happened to the package
recently, what are the TODO itens, from a Debian maintainers point of view,
provides a summary of bugs reported and some more very useful information. One
of the nice things about the Package Tracking System is that it lets you
"subscribe" to a package to follow all the emails that the maintainer
usually receives about the package. This way you can follow the development of
packages that are crucial for your work or play. The
http://packages.qa.debian.org/packagename shortcut
works here, as well.
Finally, the Bug Tracking
System
provides information about known bugs in the packages
distributed by Debian. This may be useful for you to find out why something
does not work the way you expected and even find solutions or work-arounds
through the bug logs. Also, read these pages and its documentation to be able
to fill good bug reports for Debian. The
http://bugs.debian.org/packagename shortcut also works
here, as expected, but the BTS (Bug Tracking System) also accepts other very
useful shortcuts like, for example,
http://bugs.debian.org/src:packagename to show all bug
reports on all binary packages provided by a given source package.
[ anterior ] [ Contenidos ] [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ siguiente ]
APT HOWTO
2.0.2 - October 2006kov@debian.org
h.mora@melix.com.mx