Kaustad ja failisüsteemid
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Kaustad ja failisüsteemid

Linuxis ja Unixis on iga asi fail. Kaustad on failid, failid on failid ja seadmed on failid. Seadmetele viidatakse tavaliselt kui sõlmedele, kuid nad on siiski failid.

Linuxi ja Unixi failisüsteemid on organiseeritud hierarhilises, puu-sarnases struktuuris. Failisüsteemi kõrgeim tase on / või juurkataloog. Kõik teised failid ja kataloogid eksisteerivad juurkataloogi all. Näiteks, /home/konqi/kubuntu.odt näitab korrektset täielikku asukohta või absoluutset asukohta failile kubuntu.odt, mis eksisteerib konqi kataloogis, mis on home kataloogis, mis on omakorda (/) juurkataloogis.

Underneath the root (/) directory is a set of important directories common to most Linux distributions. The following is a listing of common directories that are directly under the root (/) directory:

/bin

Important commands, which historically have been binary, but may also be shell scripts.

/boot

Boot configuration files, kernels, and other files needed at boot time.

/dev

The device files.

/etc

Configuration files, startup scripts, etc.

/home

Home directories for different users.

/initrd

Used when creating a customized initial RAM Disk.

/lib

System libraries.

/lost+found

Pakub lost+found süsteemi failidele, mis eksisteerivad ainult (/) juurkataloogis .

/media

Automaatselt ühendatud (laetud) eemaldatav meedia, nagu CD-d, digitaalkaamerad jms.

/mnt

Manually mounted filesystems on your hard drive.

/opt

Provides a location for optional (3rd party) applications to be installed; these are usually statically compiled and can be used in other versions or Linux distributions.

/proc

Special dynamic directory that maintains information about the state of the system, including currently running processes.

/root

Root user's home directory, pronounced "slash-root".

/sbin

Important system binaries and scripts, usually intended to be run as the root user.

/srv

Can contain files that are served to other systems.

/sys

Similar to the /proc filesystem, but contains system information not related to running processes.

/tmp

temporary files.

/usr

Applications and read-only files that are mostly available for all users to access.

/var

variable files such as logs and databases.

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