Diskar och partitioner

This section provides instructions on how to handle disks and drives such as removable hard disks.

Kontrollera hur mycket diskutrymme som är tillgängligt

Det finns flera sätt för att se hur mycket diskutrymme som finns tillgängligt i ett Kubuntu-system.

Kontrollera hur mycket diskutrymme som är tillgängligt via kommandoraden

  1. Öppna Terminal genom att gå till Kickoff programstart->Program->System->Terminal (Konsole).

  2. Vid prompten, skriv df -h

Resultatet som visas bör likna följande:

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda5              37G  7.6G   28G  22% /
/dev/sda1             122M   50M   67M  43% /boot
/dev/sda6              70G   34G   33G  52% /home

Kommandot df rapporterar filsystemets användning av diskutrymmet. -h talar om för df att göra rapporteringen läsbar.

Check how much disk space is available via the file manager

Filhanterare

The following procedure can be completed with either Dolphin or Konqueror. Dolphin will be shown in this example because it is the default file manager in Kubuntu.

  1. Open Dolphin by going to Kickoff Application Launcher->Applications->System->File Manager (Dolphin).

  2. Click on the Root shortcut button on the left.

  3. To find out how much space is available in the root partition, right click in any of the white space in the main window. Select Properties from the list that is displayed.

    Avoid highlighting an icon

    When right clicking in the white space, avoid accidentally highlighting any of the folder icons, because this will display information pertaining only to that folder.

    Example 1. Available disk space for the root device



Checking usage via Partition Manager

By default in Kubuntu, the application Partition Manager is not installed. Please install the Partition Manager package prior to doing the following procedure.

  1. Open Partition Manager by going to Kickoff Application Launcher->Applications->System->Partition Editor (KDE Partition Manager). A password may be required.

  2. Click on the device in the Device section in the left-hand side of the main window.

  3. Remaining space can be determined by subtracting the amount in the Used column from the amount in the Size column. The information can also be displayed by right clicking on the partition in the list and selecting Properties.

    Example 2. Available disk space with Partition Manager



How can some disk space be freed up?

There are several ways of making more disk space available:

  • Empty the trash. Open Dolphin by going to Kickoff Application Launcher->Applications->System->File Manager (Dolphin). Click the Trash on the left, right click in the white space and select Empty Trash.

  • Install Computer Janitor for GTK first. Once installed, open Computer Janitor by going to Kickoff Application Launcher->Applications->System->Computer Janitor. Select the Packages to be removed. When completed, click the Do selected tasks button.

    Example 3. Freeing disk space with Computer Janitor



  • Remove software packages that are no longer being used. See Managing Software for information on removing packages.

  • Delete files that are no longer needed.

    Caution

    Be careful not to delete files that are still needed!

Compress and archive old, rarely-used documents:

  • Select the files and folders to be compressed, right click one of them and select Compress->As ZIP/TAR Archive or any of the other choices.

Partitionera en enhet

Partition Manager can be used to partition storage devices. Install the Partition Manager package first, as it is not installed by default in Kubuntu. Once installed, open Partition Manager by going to Kickoff Application Launcher->Applications->System->Partition Editor (KDE Partition Manager).

Caution

Be careful when altering disk partitions, as it is possible to lose data by deleting or changing the wrong partition.

For more information on using Partition Manager to resize, copy, or install a new operating system, please review http://docs.kde.org/development/en/extragear-sysadmin/partitionmanager/index.html.

Formattera en partition

Partition Manager can be used to format disk partitions. Please review http://docs.kde.org/development/en/extragear-sysadmin/partitionmanager/index.html.

Vad är formatering?

To format a hard disk, device or partition means to prepare that particular device to store data.

When a hard disk or partition is formatted, a specific data-storage format is applied to that device; this format is the “filesystem”.

A newly purchased disk is usually not formatted, and cannot yet be used for storing data. After the device has been formatted, the free space on it is less than the original size. Some of the disk space is used to make the device usable; this space is occupied by the filesystem. Also, disk manufacturers use different standards to express disk capacity, which results in further discrepancies.

Vad är ett filsystem

Ett filsystem är ett särskilt sätt att lagra och organisera filer på en lagringsenhet, såsom en hårddisk och det är en viktig del av ett operativsystem. Utan ett filsystem skulle det vara svårt att komma åt och lagra filer.

There are different types of filesystem. The most common are:

  • ext2, ext3, and ext4: these are usually found on GNU/Linux operating systems. Kubuntu uses ext4 as its default filesystem.

  • FAT16 and FAT32 are Microsoft Windows filesystems found on older computers. To share data between two computers, the FAT32 format is a good choice.

  • NTFS is the filesystem type used by more modern versions of Microsoft Windows.

  • HFS+ is the Mac OS X default filesystem type.

Vad är en partition?

En partition är ett sätt att dela upp lagringskapaciteten på en enhet, såsom en hårddisk, i flera delar som sedan kan ses som separata lagringsenheter (“logiska enheter”).

Varje logisk enhet ses av operativsystemet som en särskild enhet, och behandlas därför som en oberoende disk.

Partitioning a hard disk can be done for several reasons:

  • Återfå ledigt utrymme

  • Installera olika operativsystem

  • To organize data better on the hard disk

Montera och avmontera enheter

When a removable storage device is connected to a computer, it must be mounted by the operating system so the files on the device can be accessed.

When files are copied to a storage device, they are not always written to the device immediately. Instead, they are often stored in a queue so that they can all be transferred to the device at the same time (for efficiency). If the device is disconnected before all of the files have been transferred, some or all of the files may be lost. To prevent this, a storage device must be unmounted before being disconnected.

Procedure 7. Montera en enhet

  1. Plug in the removable storage device.

  2. A notification menu and blue circle icon will appear in the bottom right corner of the screen. By clicking the device in the popup menu, the device will be mounted. As soon as it is mounted, either the file manager will appear or a dialog will be presented that contains a list of options for the device.

Procedure 8. Avmontera en enhet

  1. In the system tray, there is an icon that looks like a computer monitor that represents the Device Notifier. Click on the icon, and a popup menu will appear.

  2. Hovering above the device description with the cursor will display an eject icon on the right side. Click on the icon to unmount the removable device.