Discos y particiones

Esta sección proporciona instrucciones sobre cómo manejar los discos y unidades, tales como discos duros extraíbles.

Comprobar cuanto espacio de disco está disponible

Hay varias maneras de ver cuánto espacio en disco está disponible en un sistema Kubuntu.

Comprobar el espacio de disco disponible a través de la línea de órdenes

  1. Abra Konsole yendo a Lanzador de aplicaciones Kickoff->Aplicaciones->Sistema->Terminal (Konsole).

  2. En la terminal, teclee df -h

Debe mostrarse una salida similar a lo siguiente:

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda5              37G  7.6G   28G  22% /
/dev/sda1             122M   50M   67M  43% /boot
/dev/sda6              70G   34G   33G  52% /home

La orden df informa del uso del disco por el sistema de archivos. El parámetro -h hace que df muestre una salida legible para humanos.

Comprobar el espacio de disco disponible a través del gestor de archivos

Gestores de archivo

El siguiente procedimiento se puede completar con Dolphin o Konqueror. Dolphin se mostrará en este ejemplo, dado que es el gestor de archivos predeterminado en Kubuntu.

  1. Abra Dolphin yendo a Lanzador de aplicaciones Kickoff ->Aplicaciones->Sistema->Administrador de archivos (Dolphin).

  2. Pulse en el botón Raíz a la izquierda.

  3. To find out how much space is available in the root partition, right click in any of the white space in the main window. Select Properties from the list that is displayed.

    Evitar el resaltado de un icono

    When right clicking in the white space, avoid accidentally highlighting any of the folder icons, because this will display information pertaining only to that folder.

    Example 1. Available disk space for the root device



Comprobar el uso a través del gestor de particiones

By default in Kubuntu, the application Partition Manager is not installed. Please install the Partition Manager package prior to doing the following procedure.

  1. Open Partition Manager by going to Kickoff Application Launcher->Applications->System->Partition Editor (KDE Partition Manager). A password may be required.

  2. Click on the device in the Device section in the left-hand side of the main window.

  3. Remaining space can be determined by subtracting the amount in the Used column from the amount in the Size column. The information can also be displayed by right clicking on the partition in the list and selecting Properties.

    Example 2. Espacio de disco disponible con el Gestor de particiones



¿Cómo puedo liberar espacio?

Hay distintas maneras de conseguir más espacio disponible en el disco:

  • Empty the trash. Open Dolphin by going to Kickoff Application Launcher->Applications->System->File Manager (Dolphin). Click the Trash on the left, right click in the white space and select Empty Trash.

  • Install Computer Janitor for GTK first. Once installed, open Computer Janitor by going to Kickoff Application Launcher->Applications->System->Computer Janitor. Select the Packages to be removed. When completed, click the Do selected tasks button.

    Example 3. Liberar espacio del disco con el Encargado de limpieza



  • Remove software packages that are no longer being used. See Managing Software for information on removing packages.

  • Borrar archivos que ya no necesita.

    Caution

    Tenga cuidado no borrar archivos que pueda necesitar.

Comprimir y archivar documentos antiguos o raramente usados

  • Select the files and folders to be compressed, right click one of them and select Compress->As ZIP/TAR Archive or any of the other choices.

Particionar un dispositivo

Partition Manager can be used to partition storage devices. Install the Partition Manager package first, as it is not installed by default in Kubuntu. Once installed, open Partition Manager by going to Kickoff Application Launcher->Applications->System->Partition Editor (KDE Partition Manager).

Caution

Tenga cuidado cuando altere las particiones de disco, dado que es posible perder datos al borrar o cambiar la partición incorrecta.

For more information on using Partition Manager to resize, copy, or install a new operating system, please review http://docs.kde.org/development/en/extragear-sysadmin/partitionmanager/index.html.

Formatear una partición

Partition Manager can be used to format disk partitions. Please review http://docs.kde.org/development/en/extragear-sysadmin/partitionmanager/index.html.

¿Qué es formatear?

Formatear un disco duro, dispositivo o partición significa preparar ese dispositivo particular para compartir información.

When a hard disk or partition is formatted, a specific data-storage format is applied to that device; this format is the “filesystem”.

A newly purchased disk is usually not formatted, and cannot yet be used for storing data. After the device has been formatted, the free space on it is less than the original size. Some of the disk space is used to make the device usable; this space is occupied by the filesystem. Also, disk manufacturers use different standards to express disk capacity, which results in further discrepancies.

Qué es un sistema de archivos

A filesystem is a particular way of storing and organizing files on a storage device such as a hard disk, and is an important part of an operating system. Without a filesystem, accessing and storing files would be difficult.

Hay diferentes tipos de sistemas de archivos. Los más comunes son:

  • ext2, ext3, and ext4: these are usually found on GNU/Linux operating systems. Kubuntu uses ext4 as its default filesystem.

  • FAT16 and FAT32 are Microsoft Windows filesystems found on older computers. To share data between two computers, the FAT32 format is a good choice.

  • NTFS es el tipo de sistema de archivos usado por las más modernas versiones de Microsoft Windows.

  • HFS+ es el tipo de sistema de archivos de Mac OS X.

¿Qué es una partición?

Una partición es una forma de dividir la capacidad de almacenamiento de un dispositivo (como, por ejemplo, un disco duro), en varias partes que luego pueden ser tratadas como dispositivos de almacenamiento separados (“dispositivos lógicos”).

El sistema operativo ve a cada dispositivo lógico como un dispositivo distinto, y por tanto lo trata como a un disco independiente.

Se debe particionar el disco duro por distintas razones:

  • Para recuperar espacio libre

  • Para instalar sistemas operativos diferentes

  • Para organizar mejor los datos en un disco duro

Montar y demontar dispositivos

When a removable storage device is connected to a computer, it must be mounted by the operating system so the files on the device can be accessed.

When files are copied to a storage device, they are not always written to the device immediately. Instead, they are often stored in a queue so that they can all be transferred to the device at the same time (for efficiency). If the device is disconnected before all of the files have been transferred, some or all of the files may be lost. To prevent this, a storage device must be unmounted before being disconnected.

Procedure 7. Montar un dispositivo

  1. Enchufar un dispositivo de almacenamiento removible.

  2. A notification menu and blue circle icon will appear in the bottom right corner of the screen. By clicking the device in the popup menu, the device will be mounted. As soon as it is mounted, either the file manager will appear or a dialog will be presented that contains a list of options for the device.

Procedure 8. Desmontar un dispositivo

  1. In the system tray, there is an icon that looks like a computer monitor that represents the Device Notifier. Click on the icon, and a popup menu will appear.

  2. Hovering above the device description with the cursor will display an eject icon on the right side. Click on the icon to unmount the removable device.