KLatin Notes - Verbs
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KLatin Notes - Verbs

All languages have verbs. Latin verbs are divided into four categories, called conjugations. These conjugations are divisions of verbs that, generally, use the same stem formation and have the same endings.

The stem of a verb is the basic part of the verb that does not change. For example, the stem of moneo is mone. To get the stem of the verb, take the first person singular of the verb, and take off the -o ending. The verb “sum” (I am) is totally irregular, and does not have a consistent stem.

Table 8.2. Verb listings - Indicative Active

TENSE1st2nd3rd4thSUM - I
      
PRESENTam-omone-oreg-oaudi-osum
 ama-smone-sregi-saudi-ses
I love, am lovingama-tmone-tregi-taudi-test
 ama-musmone-musregi-musaudi-mussumus
 ama-tismone-tisregi-tisaudi-tisestis
 ama-ntmone-ntregu-ntaudi-untsunt
      
FUTUREama-bomone-boreg-amaudi-amero
 ama-bismone-bisreg-esaudi-eseris
I will loveama-bitmone-bitreg-etaudi-eterit
 ama-bimusmone-bimusreg-emusaudi-emuserimus
 ama-bitismone-bitisreg-etisaudi-etiseritis
 ama-buntmone-buntreg-entaudi-enterunt
      
IMPERFECTama-bammone-bamrege-bamaudi-bameram
 ama-basmone-basrege-basaudi-baseras
I was lovingama-batmone-batrege-bataudi-baterat
I used to loveama-bamusmone-bamusrege-bamusaudi-bamuseramus
I began to loveama-batismone-batisrege-batisaudi-batiseratis
 ama-bantmone-bantrege-bantaudi-banterant
      
PERFECTamav-imonu-irex-iaudiv-ifu-i
 amav-istimonu-istirex-istiaudiv-istifu-isti
I have lovedamav-itmonu-itrex-itaudiv-itfu-it
 amav-imusmonu-imusrex-imusaudiv-imusfu-imus
 amav-istismonu-istisrex-istisaudiv-istisfu-istis
 amav-eruntmonu-eruntrex-eruntaudiv-eruntfu-erunt
      
FUTURE PERFECTamav-eromonu-erorex-eroaudiv-erofu-ero
 amav-erismonu-erisrex-erisaudiv-erisfu-eris
I will have lovedamav-eritmonu-eritrex-eritaudiv-eritfu-erit
 amav-erimusmonu-erimusrex-erimusaudiv-erimusfu-erimus
 amav-eritismonu-eritisrex-eritisaudiv-eritisfu-eritis
 amav-erintmonu-erintrex-erintaudiv-erintfu-erint
      
PLUPERFECTamav-erammonu-eramrex-eramaudiv-eramfu-eram
 amav-erasmonu-erasrex-erasaudiv-erasfu-eras
I had lovedamav-eratmonu-eratrex-erataudiv-eratfu-erat
 amav-eramusmonu-eramusrex-eramusaudiv-eramusfu-eramus
 amav-eratismonu-eratisrex-eratisaudiv-eratisfu-eratis
 amav-erantmonu-erantrex-erantaudiv-erantfu-erant

Table 8.3. Verb listings - Subjunctive Active

TENSE1st2nd3rd4thSUM - I
      
PRESENTame-mmonea-mrega-maudi-osim
 ame-smonea-srega-saudi-ssis
 ame-tmonea-trega-taudi-tsit
 ame-musmonea-musrega-musaudi-mussimus
 ame-tismonea-tisrega-tisaudi-tissitis
 ame-ntmonea-ntrega-ntaudi-untsint
      
IMPERFECTama-remmone-remrege-remaudi-remessem
 ama-resmone-resrege-resaudi-resesset
 ama-retmone-retrege-retaudi-retesset
 ama-remusmone-remusrege-remusaudi-remusessemus
 ama-retismone-retisrege-retisaudi-retisessetis
 ama-rentmone-rentrege-rentaudi-rentessent
      
PERFECTamav-erimmonu-erimrex-erimaudiv-erimfu-erim
 amav-erismonu-erisrex-erisaudiv-erisfu-eris
 amav-eritmonu-eritrex-eritaudiv-eritfu-erit
 amav-erimusmonu-erimusrex-erimusaudiv-erimusfu-erimus
 amav-eritismonu-eritisrex-eritisaudiv-eritisfu-eritis
 amav-erintmonu-erintrex-erintaudiv-erintfu-erint
      
PLUPERFECTamav-issemmonu-issemrex-issemaudiv-issemfu-issem
 amav-issesmonu-issesrex-issesaudiv-issesfu-isses
 amav-issetmonu-issetrex-issetaudiv-issetfu-isset
 amav-issemusmonu-issemusrex-issemusaudiv-issemusfu-issemus
 amav-issetismonu-issetisrex-issetisaudiv-issetisfu-issetis
 amav-issentmonu-issentrex-issentaudiv-issentfu-issent

Table 8.4. Verb listings - Imperative Active

TENSE1st2nd3rd4thSUM - I
      
PRESENTam-amon-ereg-eaud-ies
 am-atemon-etereg-iteaud-iteeste
      
FUTUREam-atomon-etoreg-itoaud-itoesto
 am-atomon-etoreg-itoaud-itoesto
 am-atotemon-etotereg-itoteaud-itoteestote
 am-antomon-entoreg-untoaud-iuntosunto

Table 8.5. Verb listings - Gerund Active

 1st2nd3rd4th
Accusative(ad) am-andum(ad) mon-endum(ad) reg-endum(ad) aud-iendum
Genitiveam-andimon-endireg-endiaud-iendi
Dativeam-andomon-endoreg-endoaud-iendo
Ablativeam-andomon-endoreg-endoaud-iendo

Table 8.6. Verb listings - Infinitive Active

TENSE1st2nd3rd4thSUM - I
      
PRESENTam-aremon-erereg-ereaud-ireesse
      
PERFECTamav-issemonu-isserex-isseaudiv-issefu-isse

Table 8.7. Verb listings - Participle Active

TENSE1st2nd3rd4thSUM - I
      
PRESENTam-ans,-antismon-ens,-entisreg-ens,-entisaud-iens,-ientis 
      
FUTUREamat-urus,-a,-ummonit-urus,-a,-umrect-urus,-a,-umaudit-urus,-a,-umfuturus,-a,-um

Table 8.8. Verb listings - Indicative Passive

TENSE1st2nd3rd4th
      
PRESENTam-ormone-orreg-oraudi-or 
 ama-rismone-risreg-erisaudi-eris 
I am lovedama-turmone-turregi-turaudi-tur 
 ama-murmone-murregi-muraudi-mur 
 ama-minimone-miniregi-miniaudi-mini 
 ama-nturmone-nturregu-nturaudiu-unt 
      
FUTUREama-bormone-borreg-araudi-ar 
 ama-berismone-berisreg-erisaudi-eris 
I will be lovedama-biturmone-biturreg-eturaudi-etur 
 ama-bimurmone-bimurreg-emuraudi-emur 
 ama-biminimone-biminireg-eminiaudi-emini 
 ama-bunturmone-bunturreg-enturaudi-entur 
      
IMPERFECTama-barmone-barrege-baraudie-bar 
 ama-barismone-barisrege-barisaudie-baris 
I was lovedama-baturmone-baturrege-baturaudie-batur 
 ama-bamurmone-bamurrege-bamuraudie-bamur 
 ama-baminimone-baminirege-baminiaudie-bamini 
 ama-banturmone-banturrege-banturaudie-bantur 
      
PERFECTamatus summonitus sumrectus sumauditus sum 
 amatus esmonitus esrectus esauditus es 
I have been lovedamatus estmonitus estrectus estauditus est 
 amati sumusmoniti sumusrecti sumusauditi sumus 
 amati estismoniti estisrecti estisauditi estis 
 amati suntmoniti suntrecti suntauditi sunt 
      
FUTURE PERFECTamatus eromonitus erorectus eroauditus ero 
 amatus erismonitus erisrectus erisauditus eris 
I will have been lovedamatus eritmonitus eritrectus eritauditus erit 
 amati erimusmoniti erimusrecti erimusauditi erimus 
 amati eritismoniti eritisrecti eritisauditi eritis 
 amati eruntmoniti eruntrecti eruntauditi erunt 
      
PLUPERFECTamatus erammonitus eramrectus eramauditus eram 
 amatus erasmonitus erasrectus erasauditus eras 
I had been lovedamatus eratmonitus eratrectus eratauditus erat 
 amati eramusmoniti eramusrecti eramusauditi eramus 
 amati eratismoniti eratisrecti eratisauditi eratis 
 amati erantmoniti erantrecti erantauditi erant 

Table 8.9. Verb listings - Gerundive Passive

1st2nd3rd4th
    
am-andus,-a,-ummon-endus,-a,-umreg-endus,-a,-umaud-iendus,-a,-um

Table 8.10. Verb listings - Infinitive Passive

TENSE1st2nd3rd4th
     
PRESENTam-arimon-erireg-iaud-iri
     
PERFECTamat-um,-am,-um essemonit-um,-am,-um esserect-um,-am,-um esseaudit-um,-am,-um esse
 amat-os,-as,-a essemonit-os,-as,-a esserect-os,-as,-a esseaudit-os,-as,-a esse
     
FUTUREamat-um irimonit-um irirect-um iriaudit-um iri
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