მყარი დისკები
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მყარი დისკები

დანაყოფების გრაფიკული რედაქტორი

  1. დააყენეთ qtparted პაკეტი (იხილეთ Adding Applications დოკუმენტაცია პროგრამების ინსტალაციის შესახებ).

  2. თუ დააყენეთ, გახსენით QtParted გადადით KMenuსისტემაQtParted.

Check disk space usage and view the partition table

  1. Open System Settings by going to KMenuSystem Settings. Select the Advanced tab and then select Disks & Filesystems.

  2. ყოველი დანაყოფი იქნება ჩამოთვლილი ხელმისაწვდომი დისკები და ფაილური სისტემები დეტალებში ყველა დანაყოფიასთვი.

List mounted devices in a terminal

  1. Open Konsole by going to KMenuSystemKonsole - Terminal Program.

  2. To list the mounted devices type the following and then press the Enter key:

    mount

The listing shows the device (such as a hard disk partition), the mount point (where you access the files), the filesystem type and the mount options.

ამ მაგალითში ნაჩვენებია რომ მყარი დისკის დანაყოფი hda2 მონტირებულია როგორც '/', ფაილური სისტემის ტიპით ext3. დანაყოფი მონტირებულია ორი პარამეტრით, ერთი რომელიც ნებას იძლევა ჩაიწეროს დაწაიკითხოს დანაყოფში და მეორე მხოლოდ წაკითხვის რეჟიმში ხელახალი მონტაჟი შეცდომის დაფიქსირებისას.


/dev/hda2 , / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro)

Windows-ის დანაყოფების მონტაჟი/დემონტაჟი

NTFS ან FAT32

NTFS დისკებისათვის ნახეთ მე–4 ნაბიჯს. For FAT32 დისკები ეთანხმებიან მე–5 ნაბიჯს. NTFS ნებადართულია მხოლოდ წაკითხვა სადაც FAT32 ნებადართულია ორივეწაკითხვა და ჩაწერა.

  1. Read the section called “Check disk space usage and view the partition table”

  2. Open Konsole by going to KMenuSystemKonsole - Terminal Program.

  3. First, make a directory where the partition can be mounted. To do so, type the following at the command prompt followed by pressing the Enter key (if asked for a password, enter your user password and press the Enter key):

    sudo mkdir /media/windows
    

  4. Next, type the following command to mount an NTFS Windows Partition and allow read-only access followed by pressing the Enter key (if asked for a password, enter your user password and press the Enter key):

    sudo mount /dev/hdaX /media/windows/ -t ntfs -o ro,umask=0222
    

  5. If your Windows partition uses the FAT32 filesystem, it is safe to allow read-write access to the partition. To do so, type the following command at the prompt followed by the Enter key (if asked for a password, enter your user password and press the Enter key):

    sudo mount /dev/hdaX /media/windows/ -t vfat -o umask=0000
    

    Note

    Replace /dev/hdaX with the correct device name for your partition.

  6. To unmount the partition, type the following command at the prompt followed by the Enter key (if asked for a password, enter your user password and press the Enter key):

    sudo umount /media/windows/
    

Mount Windows partitions on boot-up

  1. Read the section called “Check disk space usage and view the partition table”

  2. Open Konsole by going to KMenuSystemKonsole - Terminal Program.

  3. First, make a directory where the partition can be mounted. To do so, type the following at the command prompt followed by pressing the Enter key (if asked for a password, enter your user password and press the Enter key):

    sudo mkdir /media/windows
    

  4. Next, backup your configuration file for mounting drives and open the file in a text editor with administrative privileges. To do so, type the following at the prompt followed by pressing the Enter key (if asked for a password, enter your user password and press the Enter key):

    sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
    

  5. Edit your /etc/fstab by pressing Alt+F2 and then typing kdesu kate /etc/fstab in the Run Command dialog followed by pressing the OK button.

  6. If your Windows partition uses the NTFS filesystem, append the following line at the end of file:

    /dev/hdaX /media/windows ntfs ro,umask=0222 0 0
    

    If your Windows partition uses the FAT32 filesystem, it is safe to allow read-write access to the partition. Append the following line at the end of the file:

    /dev/hdaX /media/windows vfat umask=0000 0 0

    instead of the one above.

    Note

    Replace /dev/hdaX with the correct device name for your partition.

  7. Save and close out of the edited file.

  8. Read the section called “გადაამონტჟე /etc/fstab გადატვირთვის გარეშე”.

გადაამონტჟე /etc/fstab გადატვირთვის გარეშე

  1. Open Konsole by going to KMenuSystemKonsole - Terminal Program.

  2. At the prompt, type the following and then press the Enter key (if asked for a password, enter your user password and press the Enter key):

    sudo mount -a
    

Run a system command automatically at Startup

Sometimes it can be useful to add a custom command to the startup process so that your computer executes it on every boot. Refer to the following procedure in order to set this up.

  1. Open Konsole by going to KMenuSystemKonsole - Terminal Program.

  2. Edit the crontab with administrative privileges. To do so, type the following at the command prompt followed by the Enter key (if asked for a password, enter your user password and press the Enter key):

    sudo crontab -e
    

  3. Insert the following line:

    @reboot /home/user/command
    

    Note

    Replace /home/user/command with the full path to your command.

  4. Save the file and exit. If using Nano as the default command line editor, press Ctrl+X followed by Y for Yes and then the Enter key.

Change default Operating System at boot

  1. Open Konsole by going to KMenuSystemKonsole - Terminal Program.

  2. Make a backup of your boot configuration file. To do so, type the following at the command prompt followed by the Enter key (if asked for a password, enter your user password and press the Enter key):

    sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
    

  3. Edit the menu.lst file by pressing Alt+F2 and then typing kdesu kwrite /boot/grub/menu.lst followed by pressing the OK button.

  4. Locate the following line:

    ...
    default 0
    ...
    

    and replace it with the following line:

    default X_sequence

  5. Save and close out of the edited file.

Making the Boot Menu Visible

By default, the boot menu is hidden and you will need to hit Esc to see the boot menu. By following the following steps, it will be visible by default.

  1. Open Konsole by going to KMenuSystemKonsole - Terminal Program.

  2. Make a backup of your boot configuration file. To do so, type the following at the command prompt followed by the Enter key (if asked for a password, enter your user password and press the Enter key):

    sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
    

  3. Edit the menu.lst file by pressing Alt+F2 and then typing kdesu kwrite /boot/grub/menu.lst in the Run Command dialog followed by pressing the OK button.

  4. Locate the following line:

    # hiddenmenu
    

    and uncomment it by removing the # in front of the line so that it looks like:

    hiddenmenu
    

  5. Save and close out of the edited file.

შეცვალე ჩატვირთვის მენიუს დროის ლიმიტი

  1. Open Konsole by going to KMenuSystemKonsole - Terminal Program.

  2. Make a backup of your boot configuration file. To do so, type the following at the command prompt followed by the Enter key (if asked for a password, enter your user password and press the Enter key):

    sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst_backup
    

  3. Edit the menu.lst file by pressing Alt+F2 and then typing kdesu kwrite /boot/grub/menu.lst in the Run Command dialog followed by pressing the OK button.

  4. Locate the following line:

    ...
    timeout 3
    ...
    

    and replace it with the following line:

    timeout X_seconds
    

  5. Save and close out of the edited file.

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