MIT Media Lab Csound Manual
CONTENTS

PREFACE by Barry Vercoe

HOW TO USE THE CSOUND MANUAL

SYNTAX OF THE ORCHESTRA

• DIRECTORIES and FILES :

SFDIR, SSDIR, SADIR
 
• NOMENCLATURE:

opcodes, arguments, result mnemonics
 
• ORCHESTRA STATEMENT TYPES
  
  
• CONSTANTS AND VARIABLES
  
  
• EXPRESSIONS

• ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS

ipow, kpow, apow
 
• CONDITIONAL VALUES
  
  
• ASSIGNMENT STATEMENTS:

=, init, tival, divz
 
• ORCHESTRA HEADER STATEMENTS:

sr, kr, ksmps, nchnls
 
• INSTRUMENT BLOCK STATEMENTS:

instr, endin
 
• PROGRAM CONTROL STATEMENTS:

goto, tigoto, if ... goto, timout, reinit, rigoto, rireturn
 
• DURATION CONTROL STATEMENTS:

ihold, turnoff , turnon
 
• VALUE CONVERTERS:

int, frac, abs, ftlen, i, exp, log, sqrt, sin, cos, dbamp, ampdb, rnd, birnd, ftlen, ftlptim
 
• PITCH CONVERTERS:

octpch, pchoct, cpspch, octcps, cpsoct cps2pch, cpsxpch, pch, oct, cps
 
• MIDI CONVERTERS:

notnum, veloc, cpsmidi(b), octmidi(b), pchmidi(b), ampmidi, aftouch, chpress, pchbend, midictrl, midictrl, midictrlsc , chanctrl, ctrlinit, moscil, kon, midic7, imidic7, imidic14, midic14, imidic21, midic21, ioutc, koutc, ioutc14, koutc14, ioutpb, koutpb, ioutat, koutat, ioutpc, koutpc, ioutpat, koutpat, mclock, mrtmsg, xtratim, release, ion, ioff, iondur, iondur2


• SIGNAL GENERATORS:

line, expon, linseg, linsegr,  expseg,  expsegr, phasor, table, tablei, oscil1, osciln, oscil1i, oscil, oscili, foscil, foscili, itablew tablew, tablew, tablewkt, tablewkt, itableng, tableng, itablegpw, tablegpw, tablemix, itablemix, tablecopy, itablecopy , tablera, tablewa, loscil, doscil, poscil, buzz, gbuzz, adsyn, pvoc, pvread, pvbufread, pvinterp, pvcross, tableseg, tablexseg, vpvoc, fof, fof2, fog, grain, granule, sndwarp, sndwarpst, pluck, wgpluck2, repluck, wgbow, wgflute, wgbrass, wgclar, shaker, moog, marimba, vibes, mandol,agogobel, voice, fmvoice, fmbell,  fmrhode, fmwurlie, fmmetal,  fmb3, fmpercfl, rand, randh, randi, xlinrand, xtrirand, xexprand, xbexprnd, xcauchy, xpcauchy, xpoisson, xgauss, xweibull, xbeta, xuniform
 
• SIGNAL MODIFIERS:

linen, linenr, envlpx, port, tone, atone, reson, areson, butterhp, butterlp, butterbp, butterbr, nlfilt, filter2, kfilter2, zfilter2  lpread, lpreson, lpfreson, lpslot, lpinterpol, rms, gain, balance, follow, dam, downsamp, upsamp, interp, integ, diff, samphold, harmon, delayr, delayw, delay, delay1, deltap, deltapi multitap, vdelay, comb, alpass, reverb reverb2, convolve
 
• ZAK PATCHER:

zir, zkr, ziw, zkw, ziwm, zkwm, zkmod, zamod, zkcl, zacl, zar, zarg, zaw, zawm
 
• OPERATIONS WITH SPECTRAL DATA TYPES:

octdown, noctdft, specaddm, specdiff, specscal, spechist, specfilt, specaccm, specptrk, specsum, specdisp
 
• SENSING & CONTROL:

tempest, xyin, tempo, timek, times, itimek, itimes, instimek, instimes
 
• SOUNDFILE INPUT & OUTPUT:

in, ins, inq, soundin, diskin, out, outs, outq, pan , kread, kread2 , kread3, kread4, kdump, kdump2 , kdump3, kdump4 , hrtfer
 
• SIGNAL DISPLAY:

print, display, dispfft, printk, printks

• Preprocessing of Standard Scores
• Next-P and Previous-P Symbols
• Ramping
• Function Table Statement
• Instrument Note Statements
• Advance Statement
• Tempo Statement
• Sections of Score
• End of Score

• GEN01
• GEN02
• GEN03
• GEN04
• GEN05, GEN07
• GEN06
• GEN08
• GEN09, GEN10, GEN19
• GEN11
• GEN12
• GEN13, GEN14
• GEN15
• GEN17
• GEN20
• GEN21
• GEN25
• GEN27

• Orchestra Declaration
• Function Declaration Section
• Score Encoding
• Pitch and Rhythm
• Groupettes
• Slurs and Ties
• Parameters
• Macros
• Divisi
• Additional Features
• Key Signatures,
• Accidental Following,
• Octave Following,
• Vertical Following,
• Transposition,
• Next-value and Previous-value Parameters
• Ramping,
• f0 Statement

• The Extract Feature
• Independent Preprocessing scsort

• intro directories, paths, and soundfile formats
• sndinfo - get basic information about a soundfile
• hetro - hetrodyne filter analysis for adsyn
• lpanal - lpc analysis for the lp generators
• pvanal - fourier analysis for pvoc (Dan Ellis)
• cvanal - convolution analysis for convolve (Greg Sullivan)

• Events, Lists, and Operations
• Writing a Main program.
• Compiling a Cscore program

• A Beginning Tutorial (Barry Vercoe)
• The Orchestra File
• The Score File
• The csound Command
• More about the Orchestra
• An Instrument Design Tutorial (R.C. Boulanger)
• Introduction
• Toot 1: Play One Note
• Toot 2: "P-Fields"
• Toot 3: Envelopes
• Toot 4: Chorusing
• Toot 5: Vibrato
• Toot 6: Gens
• Toot 7: Crossfade
• Toot 8: Soundin
• Toot 9: Global Stereo Reverb
• Toot 10: Filtered Noise
• Toot 11: Carry, Tempo & Sort
• Toot 12: Tables & Labels
• Toot 13: Spectral Fusion
• When Things Sound Wrong
• Suggestions for Further Study
• A FOF Synthesis Tutorial (J.M. Clarke)

A CSOUND QUICK REFERENCE

• VALUE CONVERTERS
• PITCH CONVERTERS
• PROGRAM CONTROL
• MIDI CONVERTERS
• SIGNAL GENERATORS
• SIGNAL MODIFIERS
• OPERATIONS USING SPECTRAL DATA TYPES
• SENSING & CONTROL
• SOUND INPUT & OUTPUT
• SIGNAL DISPLAY
• ZAK PATCHER

• Pitch Conversion Table
• Intensity Conversion Table
• Formant Table